Overview
- Lesson Title: For Posterity
- This commentary addresses the issue of democracy and its impact on successive Nigerian leaders' national and global policies.
- Language: Hausa
- Topic: Economics/Politics
- ILR Level: 2+/3
- ACTFL Proficiency: Superior, Advanced-High
- This ACTFL rating is an approximation based on the ILR level
- Modality: Reading
- Learning Objective: Maintenance & Improvement
- Subject Area: Language
- Material Type: LO
- Publication Year: 2007
- ObjectID: HAUS_12039
Transcript
| Original | Translation |
|---|---|
|
For Posterity Ga Wani Abu A Kan Matar Sarki..! Masu magana kan ce, mai laya kiyayi mai zamani! Duniyar ta dimukraɗiyya ce; ita a ke yayi, ita kowanne shugaba zai ɗabbaƙa a ƙasarsa ya sami ƙima a idanun ƙasashen duniya da ’yan rajin kare dimukraɗiyya. Dimukraɗiyya ce ke sanyawa a mance manyan zunuban wasu, ita ce kuma ke sanyawa a mance da ayyukan alherin wasu. Duk shugaban da ya shirya zaɓe ya miƙa mulki ga gwamnatin farar hula ya kan sami girmamawa ta musamman a idanun duniya, kamar Shugaba Jerry Rawlince na ƙasar Ghana. Wanda kuwa bai yi hakan ba,ya kansance abin ƙyama a duniya, koda kuwa ya shukawa talakawansa wani abin a zo a gani,kamar Shugaba Mu’ammar Ghaddafi na Libya. A nan Najeriya akwai misalai ƙalilan ababan mta. Ta yiwu babban laifin Shugaba Janar Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida bai wuce soke zaɓen da a ke yiwa laƙabi da ’June-12’ ba. Wataƙila wannan shi ne maƙasudin da ya janyo wasu ’yan siyasa da ƙabilun kudu su ka yi taron dangi su ka jefawa al’ummar ƙasa azabar ƙiyayyarsa, duk da cewa ga wanda ya san tarihin mulki da masu mulki kan sauka daga karaga, zai iya yi masa adalcin nuna jarumtar da ya yi wajen sauka daga mulki ba tare da ya jefa ƙasar cikin yaƙi ba, kamar yadda da yawan wasu shugabannin Afirka su ka jefa ƙasashen su, kamar yadda ya faru a Liberia, Zaire da sauransu. Janar Sani Abacha ya sha fama a gadon mulki ne, sakamakon rashin miƙa mulki ga hannun farar hula, inda karan tsanar da a ka sanya masa ta kai ga an ƙaƙabawa manyan jami’an Najeriya takunkumin sukuni da watayawa a wasu ƙasashe na nahiyoyan Turai da Amirka. Amma lokacin da Janar Abdussalami Abubakar ya zo, cikin sauƙi sai ya miƙa mulki ga farar hula, abin da har yanzu ke ba shi kwarjini a idon duniya, duk kuwa da zargin da a ke yi masa na handume ɗumbin dukiyar da Janar Abacha ya tarawa ƙasar kafin ya rasu. Duk da ga yadda shugaban ƙasa Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya ke, shugaba ne da kafin ya dawo karagar mulkin ƙasar ya ke da kwarjini kusan fiye da na yawancin ’yan uwansa waɗanda suka mulki ƙasar nan a idanun duniya, ba don komai ba sai don miƙawa farar hula mulki da ya taɓa yi a 1979, duk kuwa da cewa a na zargin waccan gwamnatin tasa da cewa ita ce gwamnati ta farko da a ka fara aikata manya-manayan sace-sace a baitulmalin ƙasar. An ce miƙa mulkin da ya yi ga gwamnatin Shehu Shagari, ya sanya an mance da dukkan taɓargazar da ya yi, kuma hakan ya yi matuƙar taimaka masa wajen samun goyon bayan sauran ƙasashen duniya a lokacin da ya je zawarcin su, don neman dawowa karaga a cikin 1999, bayan shekaru 20 da tafiyarsa. A yanzu ’yan watanni ne ƙalilan su ka ragewa Shugaba Obasanjo ya kammala zangon mulkinsa na tsahon shekara takwas kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulki ya bayar da iko. Idan Obasanjo ya shirya zaɓe, ya kuma miƙa mulki ga hannun wata gwamnatin farar hular salin-alin, to ya sake maimaita tarihi kenan. Kuma ta yiwu hakan ya sanya shi sake tserewa sauran ’yan uwansa tsoffin shugabannin Najeriya, ciki kuwa har Janar Abdussalami Abubakar,wanda shi ma ya na wannan martaba ta miƙa mulki. Ta yiwu hakan ya sanya Obasanjo samin alfaramar ƙasashen duniya da ’yan rajin kare haƙƙin bil’adama, yayin da sabuwar gwamnati ta zo mayar da shi kurkukun da ya fito. Wataƙil ma har dattijon ya ci alfarmar tsufansa. Lallai sai mu ce da Obasanjo, ga wani abu a kan matar sarki, da ido da ta gani. |
For Posterity There’s something on the Chief’s wife…!
Every leader who arranges an election to relinquish power to a civilian government garners special honors in the eyes of the world, like President Jerry Rawlings of Ghana. Whoever doesn’t do this becomes a leper to the world, even if he develops his people into something beautiful to behold, like President Mu’ammar Ghaddafi of Libya. Here in Nigeria, there are a few examples of this. It is possible that the great crime of President General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida was that he didn’t go beyond rescinding the election that has been given the nickname of “June-12”. Perhaps this is the motivation that leads some politicains of southern ethnic groups to group together among their own, throwing the national community into great pains of mutual hatred, despite the fact that there is someone who knows the history of power. Those in power that have descended from the throne, it would do him justice to show the bravery he had in descending from power without throwing the country into war, as so many African leaders have done in their countries, as happened in Liberia, Zaire and others. General Sani Abacha struggled a great deal with the transfer of power, due to a failure to hand over power to a civilian government, when the clash of hatred that caused him to risk angering major officials in Nigeria, the sanction of opportunity, and wavering of some European countries and the U.S. But when General Abdussalami Abubakar came, it was a relief that he relinquished power to a civilian government, the thing that even now gives him prestige in the eye of the world, despite the accusation that was made that he squandered much of the wealth that General Abacha had amassed in the country before he died. In spite of how President General Olusegun Obasanjo is, he’s a leader who, before he returned to the throne of power, had prestige nearly exceeding that of most of his brothers who governed this country in the eyes of the world, if for no other reason than he relinquished power to a civilian government, which he did in 1979, in spite of what that government of his was accused of – that it was the first government that started to engage in massive stealing from the national treasury. One says that his handing over power to the government of Shehu Shagari caused one to forget all the scandal, and this really helped him garner the support of other countries of the world when he went to court them, for seeking a return to the throne in 1999, twenty years after he had left. Now it is a few short months that remain for President Obasanjo to complete his eight-year stint in power, as the written constitution grants authority. When Obasanjo arranged the election, he also relinquished power into the hands of a civilian government on good terms, and he repeats history. And it’s possible for this to again cause him to surpass the rest of his brothers, the old leaders of Nigeria, among them even General Abdussalami Abubukar, who also has this status for relinquishing power. It is possible for this to lead Obasanjo to earn the favor of the countries of the world and of those who protect human rights, when the new government comes to take him back to the prison from which he emerged. Perhaps the old man even wins favor by aging. Certainly we can say of Obsanjo, here’s to posterity! [“There’s something on the Chief’s wife; had she eyes, she could have seen it!”] |
Glossary
| Hausa | Hausa Meaning | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Ga wani abu a kan matar sarki... | This expresssion could mean wait and see. | Ga wani abu mai muhimmanci da ya kamata a riƙe a zuciya kuma a jira. |
| Masu magana kan ce... | Hausa people use this expression to introduce of a common saying or proverb when they speak; it is like quotation marks. | Wannan magana ce da Hausawa suke faɗi lokacin da zasu ambata wani karin magana. |
| Wani abin a zo a gani | This expression refers to a great achievement, or something especially positive. | Wani muhimmin abu, ko wani ƙayataccen abu. |
| Suka yi taron dangi su ka jefawa al'ummar ƙasa azabar ƙiyayyarsa. | The meaning of this statement is that there was a conspiracy against Babangida plotted by some southerners that brought the nation to hate him. | A nan ana nufin, wasu mutanen kudu suka haɗa kai ko suka gama karfi, suka kawo halin rashin kamnar Babangida ga ƙasa. |
| Ƙaƙabawa mayan jami'an Najeriya takunkumin sukuni da watayawa a ... | This means that big Nigerian universities were restricted from contacting their counterparts in Europe or America. | An datse wa mayan jami'an takunkumi yadda basu iya hulɗa da da wasu ƙasashen waje na Turai ko Amirka. |
| Ya je zawarcin su... | In this context, this expression means to court other countries' favor. | Wannan yana nufin ya je yin yarjejeniyar abota ko kuma neman goyon baya. |
| salin-alin | This Hausa expression means brand new or fresh. Without anything. | Wannan na nufin watau sabo ko kuma ba tare da komo ba. |
Note
| Hausa Note | English Note |
|---|---|
|
Yawancin shugabannin Nijeriya sun zo ga ikon ƙasar ta wurin juyin mulki. Yanzu dai zamani yana sakewa duk da siyasa ma har wasu sun zama gimshiƙai cikin aikin tabbatar da dimukuraɗiyya, lokacin da ake canjin mulki. Duk da haka, akwai matsaloli saboda yawanci lockaci akwai gardama. Shugaban na yanzu, Olusegun Obasanjo, ya yi mulki wa'adi biyu, kuma ya gwada tsawaita mulkinshi da ƙarin wa'adi na ukku ta wurin canji na tsarin mulkin ƙasar amma, jama'a ta rinjaye shi kuma ta ci nasara. Wannan nasara ta ba dimukuraɗiyya hanyar ci gaba da zaɓe wanda zai zama na farko da ana canza mulki daga wani mulkin farar hula zuwa wani. |
The majority of Nigerian leaders came to power through military coups. As political trends change, some of them become players for a democratic system when it comes to transferring power. But establishing democracy is not without challenges, because results are often contested. The latest, Olusegun Obasanjo served two terms, and then attempted to have the constitution amended in order to get an additional term, but the people fought him and won. Their victory gives democracy a chance to survive, with elections that would mark the first democratic transfer of power from one civilian regime to another. |
<activity>
<problemset>
<problem correctindex="2">
<choices>
<opt>
<eng-response>In this commentary, the author describes and compares the players in Nigerian democracy and the impact of their leadership on an international scale. Some leaders, such as Jerry Rawlings of Ghana, are praised for handing over power to civilians. Some, even those with great achievements, are not recognized because they stick to old-fashioned military regimes, like Ghaddafi of Lybia. Some are disliked for their lack of democratic ambitions. The commentator favors Babangida because he prevented civil war, although he did not achieve successful elections records. Leaders like Abdussalami and Obasanjo are blamed for mismanaging public funds, but are still praised because they proved they promote democracy by handing over power to civilian governments instead of hanging onto it.</eng-response>
<response>Mai rubutun wannan sharhin yana nunawa da kwatance, muhimman shugabannin da suka bayyana kansu a wajen tafiyar da dimukuraɗiyya a Najeriya, kuma yadda shugabancinsu ya shafi duniya. An yaba wasu shugabanni do mika mulki ga farar hula, kamar Jerry Rawlince na Ghana; wasu kuma kamar Ghaddafi na Lybia ba su da mahibba duk da girman ayyukansu domin sun tsaya cikin tsoyon mulkin soja; da kuma waɗanda rashin niyya ne ya sa ba a son su. Mai sharhin ya nuna fin so ga Babangida saboda ya kare ƙasar daga yaƙi, ko da shike bai shirya cikkaken zaɓe ba. Shugabanni kamar Abdussalami da Obasanjo suna da laifi wajen sarrafawar kuɗin ƙasa, amma duk da wannan ana yabon su don miƙa mulkinsu ga farar hula, ba riƙe shi ba.</response>
<eng-fdbk>Incorrect! This choice is incorrect because the author's comments are misinterpreted. Please think about the author's presentation of facts or events related to each leader. Which comments do not reflect the text?</eng-fdbk>
<fdbk>Ba daidai ba! Wannan ba daidai ne ba saboda akwai ƙari ga wani sharhin. Ku ƙara tunani bisa yadda mai rubuta ya bada bayyani a kan kowane shugaba. Wane sharhi ne ba ya bin rubutun?</fdbk>
</opt>
<opt>
<eng-response>This commentary describes African leaders, specifically Nigerians, their progress towards the trend of democracy, their agendas, their achievements, and their legacies. According to the author, leaders are accepted or disliked depending on their will and determination to hand over power to an elected civilian government. In Africa, some leaders have demonstrated leadership by reaching that goal, whereas others have held onto power, bringing their country under international pressure, like Nigeria under Ibrahim Babangida, or causing war, in the example of Liberia, and Zaire. Olusegun Obasanjo, like Abdussalami Abubakar, is appreciated for leading the nation to democratic elections, although their management of public finance does not reflect good leadership, the commentator mentioned. Obasanjo would become the most popular leader in the country’s history if elections are held at the end of his term.</eng-response>
<response>Wannan mai sharhin yana zancen shugabannin Afirka har dai na Najeriya da, tafiyarsu tare da yayin dimukuraɗiyya, manufarsu, ayyukansu, da gadon da suke bari. Yana nuna cewa a kan so, ko a yi ƙyamar shugaba bisa ga niyyarshi da ƙoƙarinshi na miƙa mulki ga wani zaɓaɓɓen mulkin farar hula. A Afirka, wasu shugabannin sun nuna shugabancin cikin cim ma wannan maƙasudi yayinda, wasu sun tsaya ga mulki har tsayuwar ta zama cikas da mafari takunkumi kamar lokacin Babangida, ko kuma kawo yaki kamar a Liberiya da Zaire. Olusegun Obasanjo kamar Abdussalami, ana kamnarshi don tattalin dimukuraɗiyya da zabe ko da shike yadda suka sarrafar da kuɗin ƙasar bai nuna shugabancin gaskiya mai sharhin ya rubuta.</response>
<eng-fdbk>Incorrect! This choice is not the best, because several points about leaders' legacies are attributed to the wrong leader. Please read the section that mentions international sanctions. What caused the sanctions? Whom do they concern?</eng-fdbk>
<fdbk>Ba daidai ba! Wannan zaben ba daidai ba ne saboda an sauya wani ɓangaren sharhin da ya shafi takunkumi. Ku ƙara karanta inda ake maganar takunkumin. Minene dalilinshi, kuma wanene ya shafa?</fdbk>
</opt>
<opt>
<eng-response>This commentary addresses the evolution of democracy in Nigeria through successive regimes, ambitious leaders, and the global trends that nurture it. A leader’s worth is determined by his commitment to plan elections; some are praised, like Jerry Rawlings in Ghana. Others are disliked regardless of their good deeds, like Ibrahim Babangida of Nigeria, who deserves recognition for not leading the country into war, although he annulled elections, according to the author. Abacha’s refusing the election process caused international sanctions on Nigerian universities, despite economic success, but Abdussalami’s prestige did not suffer from allegations of money squandering, because he paved the way for civilian government. The author concluded that Obasanjo would set a record and enjoy a good reputation if he hands over power to civilians.</eng-response>
<response>Wannan sharhi ne bisa tafiyar dimukuraɗiyya a Najeriya ta wurin mulki daban-daban da suka gabata, da shugabanni masu aniya, da kuma zamanin da yake biyowa baya. Ana duba girman shugaba bisa ga yadda ya sa kanshi ga shirin zaɓe; wasu an yaba masu kamar Jerry Rawlings na Ghana, wasu kuma an ƙi su duk da ayyukansu masu kyau kamar, Babangida na Najeriya wanda a ganin mai rubutun, ya kamata a yi wa adalci domin ya kare ƙasar daga yaƙi, ko da yake ya soke zabe.
Lokacin da Abacha bai bi wannan hanya ba , an yi wa jami'an ƙasar takunkumi, duk da tara kuɗi da ya yi wa ƙasar. Kwarjinin Abdussalami bai rage ba duk da zargin ɗaukar kuɗi da ake yi masa saboda ya mika mulki ga gwamnatin farar hula. Mai rubutun ya ƙare da nuna yadda Obasanjo zai iya wuce kowane ɗayan su ga yabo inda ya ƙara bada mulki ga farar hula.</response>
<eng-fdbk>Correct! This is the best choice, because it reflects the author's different comments without misinterpreting or misrepresenting the text. It depicts some characteristics of various governments and of the leaders' legacies as the author views them.</eng-fdbk>
<fdbk>Daidai ne! Wannan zaben ya yi daidai sobada yana bayyana rubutun mai sharhin ba tare da an sake manufofinsa ba. An bada bayyani bisa hukumomi daban-daban, da kuma ra'ayin marubucin bisa ga gadon da shugabannin suke bari ga tarihin siyasar ƙasashensu.</fdbk>
</opt>
</choices>
</problem>
</problemset>
<instr type="eng">INSTRUCTIONS:
Choose the best summary.</instr>
<instr type="target">Umurni:Zaɓi taƙaitawa mafi dacewa.</instr>
<finishtl>Minene wannan sharhin yake nunawa akan yadda ƴan Nijeriya ke ɗaukar dimukuraɗiyya a wannan zamanin?</finishtl>
<finish>What does the commentary show about how Nigerians define democracy nowadays?</finish>
<finishtl>Yaya kuke ganin sakamakon ƙiyawar wani gwamnati ga sakin mulki wa wani sabon gwamnati da an zaɓa? Yaya wannan yake iya shafa jama'ar ƙasar?</finishtl>
<finish>What do you think are the results of a government not handing power over to a newly elected government? How does this affect the country's civil society?</finish>
<finishtl>A ganin ku donmi wasu shugabannin Afirka suke fama da dimukuraɗiyya?</finishtl>
<finish>Why do you think some African leaders strive for democracy?</finish>
</activity>