Overview
- Lesson Title: The Outlook for African Economies-This is a report on the state of the economies of African countries.
- Language: Hausa
- Topic: Economics/Politics
- ILR Level: 1+/2
- ACTFL Proficiency: Advanced-Mid, Advanced-Low, Intermediate-High; This ACTFL rating is an approximation based on the ILR level
- Modality: Reading
- Learning Objective: Maintenance & Improvement
- Subject Area: Language
- Material Type: LO
- Publication Year: 2008
- ObjectID: HAUS_12413
Transcript
| Original | Translation |
|---|---|
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Tattalin arzikin kasashen Afirka yana da kyukkyawar makoma Bisa bayanan tattalin arziki mai dumi-dumi da kasashen Afirka suka bayar, yanzu tattalin arzikin kasashen Afirka yana cikin hali mafi kyau da ba a taba gani ba a tarihi. Ban da wasu kasashe kalilan, yawancin kasashen Afirka sun shiga wani sabon zamani na bunkasuwar tattalin arziki lami lafiya. A kwanakin baya, mujalla mai suna "bayyanai kan kasuwanci da fasaha na kasashen Afirka" ta buga wani bayani wanda ya ruwaito hukumar ba da lamuni ta duniya ta IMF na cewa, yanzu kasashen Afirka suna cikin "zamani mafi kyau na samun bunkasuwa mai dorewa rashin hauhawar kudi". A cikin shekaru 5 da suka wuce, saurin karuwar tattalin arzikin kasashen Afirka ya kai fiye da kashi 5 cikin 100 a kiyasce, har ma a cikin shekarar 2007, wannan ya kai kashi 6.2 cikin 100. bisa bayanan hukumar ba da lamuni ta duniya ta IMF, tun daga shekarar 1997 zuwa shekarar 2002, matsakaicin yawan kudin da ko wane mutumin kasashen Afirka ya samu daga wajen samar da kayayyaki a ko wace shekara ya karu da kashi 1 cikin 100 a kiyasce, amma tun daga shekarar 2003 zuwa shekarar 2007, wannna ya karu zuwa kashi 3,6 cikin 100. Akwai yawan dalilan da suka sa kaimi ga bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasashen Affirka. Da farko, a cikin shekarun baya, kasashen Afirka da yawa suna tafiyar da manufar tattalin arziki bisa kasuwanci, suna kirkiro wani hali mai kyau wajen zuba jari. A cikin shekarun baya, mutane da yawa sun zuba jari mai yawa a kasashen Afirka ta kudu, da Nijeriya, da Ghana, da Kenya, da Uganda, da Zambia da sauran kasashen Afirka. Manyan dalilai su ne, wadannan kasashen suna tafiyar da manufar tattalin arziki mai sassauci, kuma sun sami cigaba wajen kyautata manyan ayyuka. Manyan sana'o'in da aka zuba jari su ne makamashi, da yawon shakatawa, da bankuna. Bisa kididdigar da taron neman bunkasuwa da yin cinikiya na majalisar dinkin duniya ya yi, yawan jarin da aka zuba a Afirka kai tsaye ya kai dolar Amurka biliyan 40. Masu bincike sun kiyasta cewa, wannan zai karu zuwa dolar Amurka biliyan 100 a shekarar 2010. Ban da haka kuma, a cikin shekarun baya, kasashen duniya sun samu karuwar bukatu kan man fetur da ma'adinai da sauran kayayyakin da Afirka ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje, wannan ya sa kaimi ga kasashen Afirka da su kara fitarwa kayayyakinsu. A cikin shekarun baya, bisa kididdigar da aka yi, yawan darajan kayayyakin da kasashen Afirka suka fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje ya karu daga dolar Amurka biliyan 182 na shekarar 2004 zuwa dolar Amurka biliyan 293 na shekarar 2006. Ban da haka kuma, an sami kwanciyar hankali a wasu kasashen da suka taba zama cikin yaki har na dogon lokaci, wannan ya ba da sharradi mai kyau ga bunkasuwar tattalin arziki. Sauran dalilan da suka sa kaimi ga bunkasuwar tattalin arziki sun kunshi kyautattuwar manyan gine-gine, da ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa tattalin arziki, da halin tattalin arziki mai kyau na kasashen duniya. |
African countries' economies have a good future According to new economic data released by African countries, the African economy is in the best condition it has ever been in. Aside from a few countries, the majority of African countries have entered a new era of healthy economic development. Recently, a report entitled “Details on Trade and Technology in African Countries” provided an explanation that reported the IMF as saying that African countries are currently in “the best circumstances for achieving long-term development without inflation.” The rapid economic growth in African countries is estimated at more than 5 percent in the past 5 years, and in 2007, it reached 6.2 percent. According to the IMF data, from 1997 to 2002, the average amount of money that Africans received from providing goods every year increased by an estimated 1 percent, but from 2003 to 2007, it increased to 3.6 percent. There are many factors that have encouraged economic development in African countries. First of all, in recent years, many African countries’ economic policies have been based on trade, and this has generated a positive environment for investment. In recent years, many people have invested heavily in South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia, and other African countries. The main reasons are that these countries have been managing their economic policy with concessions, and they have made advances in improving infrastructure. Energy, tourism, and banking are the main businesses in which there has been investment. According to calculations by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the amount of direct investment in Africa has reached 40 billion U.S. dollars. Researchers have estimated that this will increase to 100 billion U.S. dollars by the year 2010. Moreover, in recent years, the countries of the world have developed an increasing need for the oil, minerals, and other goods that Africa exports, which has encouraged African countries to increase the exportation of goods. In recent years, according to certain calculations, the value of goods exported internationally by African countries has increased from 182 billion U.S. dollars in 2004 to 293 billion U.S. dollars in 2006. In addition, there is now stability in various countries that have long been engaged in war, and this has made conditions good for economic development. Other factors that have encouraged economic development include improvements in infrastructure, better methods of economic management, and the positive nature of the international economy. |
Glossary
| Hausa term | English meaning |
|---|---|
| lami lafiya | A common expression in Hausa that refers to the state of being of a person or an object. Its literal meaning sounds rather negative (tastelessness health) but it implies being in good health or as in this context, being in good condition, position, or state. |
| ci gaba | Literally, "eating the front/forward", "taking the front." Is often used to refer to progress or evolution like in the text. |
| mai dumi-dumi | Derives from "ɗumi" also "ɗimi", (warmth) that refers to something warm, fresh, or, as used in this context, regarding a report or news, current or latest. |
| kai tsaye | "Direct" or "directly." Literally, "head up", "head straight." |
| yawon shakatawa | Refers to "tour" and "leisure" to translate tourism which does not have an original name in Hausa. It is a common and formal use of language to translate a western word using contextual meaning. Contact with the western culture and language have brought about the use of borrowed words like "tourist" instead of "ɗan yawon shaƙatawa" for example. |
| karuwa bukatu | The Hausa translation of the word "demand". Literally, increase of need. |
| kwanciyar hankali | Literally, "lying down of the mind." Typical Hausa language structure often related to the idea of tranquility, stability, and peace. It is also used as "hankali kwance" menaning, calm, relaxed, or peace of mind. |
| tafiyar da | Literally, "to walk something", meaning to administer, or implement in this context. |
| sa ƙaimi | "Encourage", "urge", "help improve", "hasten", implying factors that have stimulated economic boom for African countries in the context of the text. |
| man fetur | Inference to the English word "petroleum" often used to refer to oil as in the context of the text. |
| zuba jari | "To invest" |
| kyukkyawar makoma | Literally "beautiful future", a prediction of a flourishing or booming economy, "excellent future" for African countries. |
| Hukumar ba da lamuni ta duniya ta IMF | Hausa translation of the " International Monetary Fund", IMF. |
| Sarrafa (ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa tattalin arziki) | "To control", "to manipulate", "to operate or manage", implying adopting a suitable management system of the economy. |
Notes
The Outlook For African Economies
1. Natural resources are the building blocks of the economies of most African countries. The agricultural products and mineral resources are used for subsistence (food) and commercial purposes (export). Economic growth and development generated by such international commerce has transposed many African countries from dependents to players in the world economy. However, often the resources have a devastating impact when combined with lack of good governance and transparency as they engender the corruption, economic decline, social disparity, and poverty that lead to instability, then war.
2. In an effort to tackle such negative outcomes, different regional and international organizations like the UN and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), introduced in October 2002 at the World Summit for Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, watch the transactions of countries rich in resources. Civil society groups are also active in monitoring resource management to ensure transparency and proper allocation of revenues. A coalition of Save the Children, Transparency International, and other advocate groups founded "Publish What You Pay" , a campaign to help citizens hold their governments accountable for the management of revenues, in 2002.
3. Depending on their specific natural wealth and export, African countries are integrated into various international organizations, thus playing a role in the global economy.
4. For more information, visit:
http://www.uneca.org/atpc/Work%20in%20progress/61.pdf
http://www.publishwhatyoupay.org/english/pdf/statements/scuk_cfa_0704.pdf
http://eitransparency.org/implementingcountries
http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/industrial_development/2_1.pdf
http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/ites/0899/ijee/af-ssemp.htm
CONTENT SOURCE: Musa (2008, March 11). African countries' economies have a good future . China Radio International, Hausa Service: (GMT+08:00) 2008-03-11 21:51:03 . Beijing: China Radio International. http://hausa.cri.cn/1/more/2258/ZTmore2258.htm
You selected a Learning Object that offers practice on this objective: Demonstrate your comprehension.
Content Description: This is a report on the state of the economies of African countries.
XML
<activity>
<problemset>
<problem>
<stim>What audience is addressed in this report? What message does the author communicate to the readers?</stim>
<fdbk>The author informs the general public about the rapid growth of the economies of African countries, as well as their involvement and position in the global economy. He depicts the different factors that spur the boom of the economies.</fdbk>
<hint>Consider the reference to statistics in regards to the changes of the continent's economy in general, and the type of text. Think of the description of the economy. Refer to the Notes and Learn More Notes for more information.</hint>
</problem>
<problem>
<stim>What do the numbers reflect about the status of African countries' economies through the various aspects developed in the report?</stim>
<fdbk>IMF statistics show rising numbers in the "Gross Domestic Product" from 5% to 6.2% between 2002 and 2007.The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development also shows rising numbers in export revenues from 182 billion in 2004, to 293 billion in 2006.</fdbk>
<hint>Consider the details on the socio-economic evolution of the economy.
Please check the Notes for some insight.</hint>
</problem>
<problem>
<stim>What determinant factors have stimulated the economic growth in recent years?</stim>
<fdbk>Many countries have focused on development policies that include investment, trade liberalization programs, tourism, banks, energy, infrastructure improvement, export, as stimulus for economic growth. The return of peace in countries affected by war also enables growth.</fdbk>
<hint>Pay attention to the use of words like "akwai yawan dalilan" (there is a number of reasons), "sa kaimi", "ban da haka kuma" (apart from that...), "sauran dalilan..." (the remaining reasons...), that show sequence and details. Refer to the Notes to learn more about the policies.</hint>
</problem>
<problem>
<stim>How does growth in African countries impact the global economy?</stim>
<fdbk>African countries are integrated into the global economy in various sectors through trade and investment. They are part of many international organizations related to oil and other minerals, and agricultural products. Their contribution in satisfying increasing global demand is also significant.</fdbk>
<hint>Consider how resources and strategies adopted by African countries connect the economies. Think of cooperation with other countries. Please check the Notes for more information.</hint>
</problem>
</problemset>
<instr type="eng">Read each question and type your response in the box provided. Click CHECK at the bottom of the screen to view the model response.</instr>
<instr type="target" />
<bgnotes>
<bg>
<category>Background Information</category>
<note>IMF: International Monetary Fund; an international organization of 185 member countries established to promote international monetary cooperation. It provides financial and technical assistance to members in addition to surveillance.
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), " taron neman bunkasuwa da yin cinikiya na majalisar dinkin duniya"; established in 1964, aims at integrating developing countries into the world economy.</note>
</bg>
<bg>
<category>Grammar</category>
<note>taba gani: this phrase combines words that imply two senses (touch, taste for "taba" and see for "gani"), but also complement one another to mean something that has been seen or done before (or not, when preceded by "ba") like in the text; "taba" is often used followed by a noun or a verb which determine the action or idea.</note>
</bg>
<bg>
<category>Culture</category>
<note>Africa is a vast continent composed of 54 countries. It is rich in mineral and natural resources shared by those countries as pillar of economic development and international trade.
Nigeria, the most populous country, is also the leading oil producer in the continent and one of the world's leading producers of oil. It is seen as having potential to be one of the next world's largest economies by Goldman Sachs investment bank.
South Africa is one of the "Big Emerging Market " economies, with a large agricultural sector exporting farming products. It also has a variety of natural resources like gold, platinum (for which it is the world's largest producer) and diamond.
Ghana is also rich in natural resources like gold, timber, cocoa, diamond, and bauxite, among others, which are major sources of foreign exchange for the country. Oil is a recent resource to be added to that list.
Kenya's economy is based on agricultural produce like tea, coffee, and sugarcane, which it exports; wildlife is a significant part of the economy as well, along with tourism.
Uganda has substantial natural resources including copper, cobalt, and reserves of crude oil and natural gas, although agriculture is the most important sector of its economy.
Zambia is one of the world's poorest nations, whose economy is based on copper mining. Other sectors being promoted are agriculture, tourism, gemstone mining, and hydro-power; there are prospects for nickel and uranium mining.
Some other countries have abundant natural resources that draw investment and promote economic growth through trade and export. In most cases, the strategic significance of their resources has encouraged foreign powers to intervene in African countries.</note>
</bg>
</bgnotes>
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