Overview
- CONTENT SOURCE: Rilwanu Malikawa (Reporter); Mrs. Hadiza Baba Yaro; Mrs. Ladi Mijinyawa; Kabiru Abdulkarim;; Mrs. Ha (2006 November 28). Orphans. Washinton, DC: Voice of America, Hausa Service.
- Objective: Demonstrate your core comprehension.
- Content description: This report from Voice of America's Hausa service discusses factors that lead to increasing numbers of orphans in Kano and other parts of Nigeria.
- Lesson Title: Orphans - This report from Voice of America's Hausa service discusses factors that lead to increasing numbers of orphans in Kano and other parts of Nigeria.
- Language: Hausa
- Topic: Culture/Society
- ILR Level: 2+/3
- ACTFL Proficiency: Superior, Advanced-High; This ACTFL rating is an approximation based on the ILR level
- Modality: Listening
- Learning Objective: Maintenance & Improvement
- Subject Area: Language
- Material Type: LO
- Publication Year: 2007
- ObjectID: HAUS_11715
Transcript
| Original | Translation |
|---|---|
|
Orphans A: Matsalar ƙananan yara musamman ma marayu, da suke tashi ba uwa, ba uba, matsala ce da yanzu haka take ciwa al'umma Nijeriya tuwo a ƙwarya. Bincike ya nuna cewar a kowane wata ana samun yara takwas da ake yin watsi da su, akan tituna a wasu manyan birane da ke Nijeriya. Kamar yadda jami’a shirin nan na ƙungiyar mu saurara, wace take ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta a Nijeriya, Hajiya Hadiza Babayaro ta ce ƙungiyar tasu ta binciko: B: Yadda ake zuba da … jarirai, akan hanya dan bincike ya nuna ce mun ana zubar da jarirai guda takwas duk wata. Wannan masifa ce. {So [English]} muna fatan cewar za mu haɗa kai gaba ɗaya, a dinga faɗakarwa. Muna fatan cewa siyasa da za a yi nan gaba, siyasa ce da za a yi da ƴan siyasa za su dinga taimakawa matasa da abubawan da za su zama shugabanni na gari, ba shiga cikin hali wanda za mu ci gaba da cikin ... wahala a cikin wannan … al'umma tamu ba. A: Ita kuwa Hajiya Ladi Mijinyawa, wadda ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar mata musulmi a Nijeriya, ta danganta baƙin talauci da rashin shugabanci na gari, da cewa su ne abun da suke haifar da yawatar marayu a Nijeriya: C: Baƙin talauci da kuma rashin shugabanci, a gaskiya. Sannan kuma, a gaskiya da … wulaƙantakai na iyaye. Duk wannan irin waɗannan abubuwa gaskiya suna haifa da irin wannan maraicin barkatai. A: In mun kalle batun marayu yanzu, karuwa suke a ƙasan nan ko raguwa suke? C: Karuwa suke kamar yadda na ce maka, karuwa suke saboda yanzu sun kasu, wanda talauci suka mayar marayu da kuma wanda ainihin marayin ne iyayensu ne, suka rasu, {so [English]} karuwa suke … A: … Wasu suna kallo wataƙila ko saboda irin cututukannan na zamani na ƙangamau da menene za su iya raguwa. Kina ganin haka ba zai rawa-- ? C: Hakan ma zai ƙara su! Hakan ma zai ƙara su, amma kuma me ye ya jawo … wannan cutar? Ai, cikin talauci wasu suke bazama, su je su shiga karuwancin har su je ko su haifi ƴaƴen, ko kuma a’a, su kansu iyayen su je su mutu, su bar ƴaƴen. A: … Kira ga iyaye da sauron a al’umma? C: Kira da iyaye a koma ga Allah, a yi haƙuri da abin da yake an ake da shi, ba lalle sai abun da ake so ba. Wai da babu gara ba daɗi. A: Wani malamin addinin musulinci kuwa, Malam Kabiru Abdulkarim, bayani ya yi akan yaya maraya yake samuwa, da kuma irin matsalolin da rashin kulawa da marayu ke haifuwar wa al’umma: D: Mutuwa ta Allah da Annabi, wasu kuma ya zama cewar a’a … irin yara ne waɗanda … aka same su ko ta hanyar banza, an yada su a hanya, waɗanda za a iya samun su a gidajen marayu da aka tattara. Wasu ɗin kuma, sun zama maraici ne saboda sakamakon irin cututtuka na zamani ɗin da suka zo, iyayen su mutu. To, haka ɗin dai za ka ga. A: To, wai waɗanne irin matsaloli ma harkokin marayu ƙanana ake haifuwar a cikin al’umma? D: To, gaskiya magana akwai manya-manya, kaɗan daga ciki ka ga akwai karuwanci za ka samu yawanci yaran nan tun da babu wani mai tallafa musu, ko matan ko maza za ka samu kan su fita banza, kama karuwanci ko kuma in mazajen kaga haraka ce irin ta neman mazan nan ɗinan kamar luwaɗi. Sannan za ka iya … za a iya samun abubuwan irin … miyagun manya-manyan laifufuka, kamar irin su shan ƙwayoyi da sauransu. Wannan duk suna kaɗan daga cikin abubuwan da yake haifuwar. A: Lokacin kuwa da na tuntuɓi jami'ar da ke kula da gidajen kula da ƙananan yara da ke Nasarawa a jihar Kano, wanda aka fi sani da gidan marayu a kanan, Malama Hajara Shehu Minjibir. Ta lasafta irin jinsin yaran da ke zaune a gidan, da kuma irin halin da suke tsintar kansu: E: Ƴaƴa ne … kala kala kusanci. Akwai wa…inda ake tsinta, an yar iyayensu sun haife su sun yar. Sannan akwai ƴaƴa na mahaukata waɗanda ake karɓewa idan mahaukaciya irin tana da ɗa ta san baza ta iya kula da shi. Sannan akwai batattu, wanda ake yi ake yi ƙoƙarin. A gane iyayensu, to sai a rasa. Sannan akwai wanda ko an zo asibiti, iyayensu sun mutu, uwa ta mutu an rasa inda za a {tracing [English]} ... uwanta da sauras … duka … suna ... A: To, ganin waɗannan yara da kuke tara da su a gida marayu na nan Nasarawa, wasu waɗannan yara zuwa yanzu, raguwa suke ko ko ƙaruwa suke na kawo muku su da ake? E: Mmm ... alhamdu lillahi, an samu … ci gaba, saboda mutune yanzu sun fara sanin muhimmancin ɗaukan yara. Suna zuwa ɗai bayan ɗai a hankali, amma … mmm ana samu kuma … ko ko.. mmm mutun in ya ɗauka ya ga yaron … ya lalace, sai ya dawo mana da shi. A: In an kali shekarun baya, da abun ya yi tsanani zuwa yanzu, karuwa yawan su yake na adadin yaran da ake kawo muku? E: Shi ne. Suna karuwa … ana kawo su haifuwar ba, misali a to da sauƙi. In muka ko haɗa da shekarun baya … tunda wataƙil mutane sun fara fahimtar, illar yadda … tun da za ka yar wataƙil kuma … abin ya zo ya dame ka gaban kana neman ina ɗanka yake? A: Wasu masana harkokin sukan ƙuntata cewa cututukan nan na zamani irin su ƙanjamau da mene sun taimaka wajan raguwar irin waɗannan yara da ake ruwa a layyuka da haifuwa, ku da kuke a wannan gida yaya kuka kalla abun…? E: Mmmmm to ... A: Malama Hajara Shehu Minjibir ke nan, jami'a da ke kula da gidan marayu da ke jihar Kano. Sai dai kuma, masana harkokin yau da kullum, sun danganta yawaitar wannan matsalla da cewa: tana faruwa ne, saboda halin ko in kula, da masu abun hannu suke yi a cikin al’umma, duk kuwa da irin kiraye-kiraye da ake na su ringa tallafawa rayuwar marasa ƙarfi. |
Orphans A: The problem of young children, especially orphans who grow up without a mother or father, it’s a problem that is now consuming the Nigerian community. Research shows that each month, about eight children are found to have been abandoned on the streets of various big cities in Nigeria. This is coming from the leaders of a group we have been hearing a lot of lately, an independent organization in Nigeria. Hajiya Hadiza Babayaro says they have been conducting research on the problem: B: The way one abandons … infants, on the street, the research shows us that about eight infants are abandoned every month. This is tragic. So we are hoping that we will meet together to continue getting the word out. We’re hoping that the mission that is performed from this point on is a mission whereby politicians will continue helping youths, and that they will become local leaders, and not go into a situation whereby we will continue in this … trouble within this … our community. A: For her part, Hajiya Ladi Mijinyawa, leader of the association of Muslim women in Nigeria, who relates terrible poverty to the absence of good government at the local level, says that these things are giving rise to the increasing orphans in Nigeria: C: Terrible poverty and also the lack of leadership, really. And in addition, really … the harsh treatment of parents. All of these kinds of things really are giving rise to this kind of recent disorder. A: If we consider the matter of orphans now, are they increasing in this country or decreasing? C: They’re increasing as I have told you; they’re increasing because now they have gone astray, those that poverty has created and also those true orphans whose parents have died, so they are increasing … A: … Some consider that perhaps because of current diseases like AIDS, etc., they would be decreasing. Don’t you think this would be the case-- ? C: This too is increasing them! This too is increasing them, but what else does this disease bring? Alas, in poverty some are running away, they go off and enter into prostitution, then they go off and may bear children, so they as parents themselves go off and die, and they leave their children. A: … A call for parents and the rest of the community? C: A call for parents to return to God, to be patient with whatever one has, not just what one wants. You know, “It is better to have something bitter than not to have anything.” A: A religious scholar of Islam, Malam Kabiru Abdulkarim, spoke on how orphans come about, as well as the kind of social problems emanating from not caring enough for the orphans: D: Some die naturally (by God’s will) and in some cases, it’s not natural …This affects children who … have been born out of wedlock, who have been tossed in the street, who can be found in orphanages that have been set up. Others have come to be as a result of certain modern diseases that have appeared, and their parents have died. So this is what you will see. A: Alright, so what kind of problems has this matter of young orphans caused the community? D: Well, really there is so much to say, but for example you see prostitution, where you come across a lot of these children, since there is no one looking after them, you will come across either women or men who are up to no good, engaging in prostitution, or also when men go into business seeking out other men for illicit homosexual relationships. Then you can … one can come across things like … very bad criminal behavior, such as taking drugs and the like. All these are examples of the things that it gives rise to. A: When I contacted the director who oversees the care homes for young children in Nasarawa, Kano State, and who knows the most about the orphanage here, Malama Hajara Shehu Minjibir, she estimated the types of children who reside at the home, and also the kind of circumstances that they found themselves in: E: The children are … from various backgrounds. There are those … when they were picked up, they had been abandoned, their parents had given birth then abandoned them. Then there are children of mentally ill that have been taken in, if a mentally ill woman has a child that she knows she cannot care for. Then there are the abused ones, which require great effort. One looks for their parents, but then you lose them. Then there are those who even if they went to the hospital, their parents have died, the mother died and it wasn’t possible to trace … her mother and others … all … are … A: Alright then, as for these children that you have gathered together at the orphanage here in Nasarawa, has there been a decrease or an increase in the number of these children that have been brought to you up to now? E: Mmm … alhamdu lillahi [thank God], there seems to be … progress, because people are now beginning to realize the importance of adopting children. They were coming before somewhat cautiously, but … mmm, it seems then … that when … mmm … if a person adopted and then found the child … problematic, they would return him to us. A: Looking back over the years, and at the severity of things now, have they been increasing in the numbers of children that are brought to you? E: That’s it. They are increasing … they are being brought just born, for example, very quickly. If we combine the past years … since perhaps people began understanding, the fault of how … since you will abandon also … it comes along and worries you before you can find where your child is? A: Some experts have said that modern diseases like AIDS, etc., have helped in reducing these types of children from even being born. How do you see this effect at the orphanage … ? E: Mmmmm, well … A: That was Malama Hajara Shehu Minjibir, a director who oversees the orphanage in Kano State. However, some experts in current affairs relate the increase in this problem by saying: It is happening because of the public’s nonchalant attitudes, particularly the rich in the community, who seem to ignore all the calls to support the less fortunate in the community. |
Glossary
| Hausa | Hausa Meaning | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Wai da babu gara ba daɗi | Ƙwanda rashin ingantacce da rashi baki ɗaya. | Literally translated as "not too great is better than not having any," implies that it's better for one not to get exactly what they want rather than get nothing |
| Luɗu, Liwaɗi | Jima'i tsakanin namiji da namiji | Homosexuality; the term refers to the person, people or period of (the Islamic) Prophet Lut. Muslims link "Lut" to homosexuality because of the perceived relationship between homosexuality and the period of Lut's reign during which the act became quite rampant. Consequently, Muslims say "Ludu" to mean homosexuality. Lut reportedly fought against the trend. |
| Alhamdu Lillahi | Godiya ta tabatta ga Allah | Thank God; this is Arabic, not Hausa, but it is the Hausas’ traditional way of expressing gratitude or appreciation to God whenever things go well |
| Ruwa a layukka | In abu yayi yawa | Many on the street; the term "ruwa" which means "water" is used to indicate "plenty" |
| halin ko in kula | Nuna halin rashin kulawa | Nonchalant attitude(s) |
| Abin hannu | Masu kuɗi ko attajirai | Rich, wealthy people |
| Tuwo a kwarya | Abinda ke haddasa matsala | Source of a problem |
| Nagari | Mai kyau, ingantacce | Good, solid, of good character |
| Mutuwar Allah da Annabi | Mutuwar da bata hatsari ba | Death from natural causes; the names of Allah (God) and "Annabi" (Prophet) appear because of the strong religious base of the Hausas, most of whom are Muslims |
Notes
| Hausa Notes | English Notes |
|---|---|
|
Masana sunce ɗaruruwan marayu suna samun kansu yashe a titi saboda da wasu abubuwan da za'a iya kaucewa. ƙarshenta sai marayun su koma alhakin hukuma, koda yake bada son ran ita hukumar ko marayun ba. Matsalolin zaman jama'a da tattalin arziki da sau da yawa kan shafi sauran al'ummar Nigeria sune sukan haifar da cikas ga marayun da kuma waɗanda ya kamata su ɗauki alhakinsu. Koda yake matakan da suke ɗauka sukan sha banban, gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba duk suna ci gaba da aiki tuƙuru wajen shawo kan wannan matsalar dake neman zama wata masifa akan ƙasar. |
Analysts say that hundreds of thousands of Nigerian children frequently find themselves abandoned due to mostly avoidable circumstances. Ultimately, the orphans become a state responsibility, although reluctantly for both. Social and economic factors generally affecting the country's population largely contribute to the existence of the numerous difficulties facing both the orphans and those who should take charge of them. Although they differ in their approaches, the government and NGOs continue to work diligently to find a lasting solution to what some see as an emerging national crisis. |
XML
<activity>
<instr type="eng">INSTRUCTIONS:
Choose the best summary.</instr>
<problemset>
<problem correctindex="1">
<choices>
<opt>
<eng-response>The report appears intent on putting the blame for the existence and apparent increase in the number of orphans on certain societal elements. In choosing his subject, interviewees and locations, the reporter leads us to believe that the government, rather than society, must bear the blunt of the responsibility for the malice of orphans because of its control of national resources. He names certain economic and religious groups within the society that ought to be more concerned and involved in confronting and resolving the many resultant consequences of the prevalence of the unfortunate orphans.</eng-response>
<response>Bisa ga dukkan alamu, wannan rahoton yana neman ya ɗora laifin masifun dake tattare da ƙaruwar marayu akan wasu sassa na al'umma. Daga yadda marubucin wannan rahoton ya zaɓi mutanen da zai yi hira da su da tambayoyin da yayi musu da kuma wuraren da yaje, a fili yake cewa yana son cusa mana ra'ayin cewa gwamnati ce da laifin matsalolin dake tattare da marayun tunda itace take riƙe da dukiyar ƙasa. Ya bada misalai na ƙungiyoyin tattalin arziki da na addini na ƙasa daban-daban da ya kamata ace sune suka fi zama a sahun gaba wajen kula da ɗaukan lalulran ƙalubalen waɗannan marayun da kuma matsalolin da suke haifarwa.</response>
<eng-fdbk>This choice is incorrect because the write-up puts the blame on the wrong party. It also does not pinpoint some of the challenges that the situation with the orphans presents to the society, nor does it indicate the reporter's intent.</eng-fdbk>
<fdbk>Wannan amsar ba daidai bace don tana ɗora laifin wannan matsalar ba inda ya kamata a ɗora ta ba. Haka kuma amsar bata fayyace wasu daga cikin matsalolin da al'umma ke fuskanta a sanadin al'amarin marayun ba..Kuma bata nuna niyyar marubucin rahoton ba.</fdbk>
</opt>
<opt>
<eng-response>This report about orphans in Nigeria suggests that the responsibility of preventing higher numbers of children without parental support rests on several societal pillars. The rising frustration within the local non-governmental, community and religious organizations struggling to cope with the dilemma appears to be uncontrollable as they look for alternative and more effective steps to avert what they perceive to be a national crisis. Too many unemployed, uneducated, homeless orphans lead to more social ills, and ultimately, a more decadent society. The reporter’s choice of interviewees, locations and questions, however, create the impression that he’s trying to appeal to public’s sentiments to secure a specific emotional or economic response.</eng-response>
<response>Wannan rahoto kan matsalar marayu a Nigeria yana nuna cewa alhakin hana ƙaruwar marayun yana dogara ne akan fannonin al'umma daban-daban. ɓacin ran ƙungiyoyin da ba na gwamnati ba, al'umma da na addini waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin shawo kan wannan matsalar sai ƙara ƙaruwa yake yayinda suke ci gaba da neman maganin abinda suke ganin kamar wani bala'i ne ke neman abkawa ƙasar. ƙaruwar marayun da basa da aiki, jahilai, marasa muhalli zai haifar da ƙarin lalatacciyar al'umma Sai dai kuma irin mutanen da wakilin ya zaɓo don hira da su, da wuraren da yayi hirar da kuma irin tambayoyin da yayi musu, duk suna nuna cewa wakilin yana neman cusa musu wani ra'ayi ne a zuƙatansu don su bashi wata takamammiyar amsa mai sosa rai ga tambayoyin da yayi musu.</response>
<eng-fdbk>Yes, this is the correct choice. All elements of the report are laid out within the summary. Responsibility for the dilemma is clearly attributed to the right place and the basic challenges are pointed out without too much elaboration.</eng-fdbk>
<fdbk>Haka ne, wannan amsar daidai ce domin ta fayyace dukkan matsalolin da aka yi zancensu a cikin rahoton. Kuma an dora laifin matsalar marayun inda ya kamata, sannan kuma an fayyace ƙalubalen dake tattare a cikin matsalar ba tare da an yi dogon bayani ba.</fdbk>
</opt>
<opt>
<eng-response>Orphans are a nuisance, says this report. They constitute a menace and have become the breeding ground for a number of social ills such as prostitution, crimes, lack of religious focus, lawlessness and drug addiction. The society has become nonchalant largely due to hopelessness, but mainly because of a sense of helplessness. In the end, the government must accept responsibility for allowing increasing numbers of orphans to languish in hospitals or roam the streets jobless, hopeless and without dreams for a better future. The reporter’s intent in securing a particular response is apparent in how he presented the subject to his interviewees and in his narration.</eng-response>
<response>Marayu abin jin takaici ne, a cewar marubucin wannan rahoton. Sun zama wani ƙalubale kuma suna haifar da wasu mugayen ɗabi'oi irin su karuwanci, laifukka da shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi. Al'umma ta rasa abin yi don ta yanke ƙauna kuma tana jin ba abin da za ta iya yi kan wannan matsala. Ƙarshenta dole gwamnati tasa kai ta ɗauki alhakin tarin marayu masu yawa dake ci gaba da zama a assibitoci ko suna yawo kan tituna ba tare da wani burin inganta rayuwarsu a nan gaba ba. To amma kuma fatar marubucin rahoton na cimma wani burin ta fito fili idan aka yi la'akari da yadda ya gabatar da wannan matsalar a wurin mutanen da yawan tambayoyi a kansa.</response>
<eng-fdbk>This is incorrect because nowhere in the report are the words "menace" or "nuisance" used to refer to the orphans. The moral implications of the problem are twisted and exaggerated. The wrong party is accused of negligence.</eng-fdbk>
<fdbk>Wannan amsar ba daidai bace domin a duk cikin rahoton ba inda aka nuna cewa marayu "abin jin takaici" ne ko kuma "ɓata gari` ne. Kuma ba'a nuna aibin wannan matsala ga tarbiyyar jama'a ba, kuma ma anyi ƙari bisa ga aibin matsalar. Sannan an ɗora laifin matsalar a inda bai kamata ba.</fdbk>
</opt>
</choices>
</problem>
</problemset>
<finish>What kind of response does the reporter appear to be seeking from the interviewees?</finish>
<finish>Identify some of the social problems that might result if the issue of orphans is not effectively addressed.</finish>
<finish>Which segment of the society does the report blame for the prevalence of orphans?</finish>
<finishtl>Mine ne burin marubucin rahoton nan daga irin tambayoyin da yake wa mutane?</finishtl>
<finishtl>Faɗi wasu daga cikin matsalolin da za su iya tuzgowa idan ba'a hanzarta shawo kan matsalar marayun nan ba.</finishtl>
<finishtl>Wane ɓangare ne na al'umma wannan rahoton yake ɗorawa laifi dangane da harakar marayu?</finishtl>
<instr type="target">Umurni:Zaɓi taƙaitawa mafi dacewa.</instr>
</activity>