Overview
- LANGUAGE: Hausa
- TOPIC: Science/Technology
- SKILL: Reading
- LEVEL: ILR Level 2+/3 - ACTFL Superior
- CONTENT SOURCE: Abubakar Abdur-Rahaman (2006 January 12). Milk, Cheese, and Butter. N/A: Media Trust Limited.
- Objective: Demonstrate your core comprehension.
- Content description: This article on dairy products presents various findings on milk properties, from a scientific and religious point of view.
Transcript
| Original | Translation |
|---|---|
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Milk, Cheese, and Butter Madara da cuku da man shanu na magani Bincike a fagen kiwon lafiyar ɗan Adam ya nuna muhimmacin shan madara domin tana ƙara lafiya da ƙarkon jiki. Sai dai akwai wani hamzari ba gudu ba, an ce madara na ƙunshe da sinadarin lactic acid, abin da ke taimakawa wajen haifar da ƙwayar halitta da ake kira Bacteria, wadda takan shiga cikin hanjin ɗan Adam ta yi masa illa,amma idan aka tafasa ta ko aka daskarar da ita aka fitar da man shanu ko a mayar da ita cuku, to a nan ne ake kashe waccan halitta mai yin illa. Mafi yawan mutane,musamman mutanen Asia ba sa iya narkar da madara kamar yadda take. Amma in aka daskarar da ita kamar cuku ko aka fitar da man shanu da garin maiƙo-maiƙo da ke cikin ta, duk suna da sauƙin ci da kuma samar da abinci da ke tattare da sinadaran da ke ƙarin lafiya a jiki,wato Vitamins.Yin hakan kuma yana inganta ɗanɗano da magance cututtuka irin su gudawa. Dokta Elie Metchnikoff, ɗan ƙasar Rasha wanda yake masanin kimiyyar rayuwar ɗan Adam ya gano cewa wani sinadari da ake kira Lactobaccili da ke narkar da sinadarin mai tsaftace jiki da ake kira Hydrogen Peroxide da sinadarai masu niƙa abinci da kuma bada kariya ga ƙwayoyin cuta (bacteria) da ka iya cutar da jiki suna cikin madara. Dokta Ivan Bogdanor, ɗan ƙasar Bulgaria ya ware wani nau’i na lactobacillus a ɗakin bincike da ake nazari a kan sinadarai da suke motsawa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta a shekarar 1951, ya kuma laƙaba masu sunan LB-51. Yawan binciken da aka gudanar a kan nau’in da likitan ya ware,ya tabbatar da cewa madara da aka tatso ko wadda aka yi cuku ɗinta rigakafi ne ga kamuwa da cutar daji. Wani binciken kuma ya nuna nau’in abincin da ba shi da nasaba da ganyayyaki,kamar naman sa da naman alade da dai makamantansu, sukan haifar da bacteria mai jawo cutar daji a hanjin mutum. Amma sinadarin lactobacillus audophilus mai kashe bacteria da ke cikin dunƙulallen masƙin madara na man shanu ko cuku yana da amfani a jiki. Man shanu ko cuku ɗin da aka sarrafa shi a gida yana ƙunshe da sinadarin lactobacillus. Madarar roba kuwa(Yoghurt) nata lactobacillus ɗin ba shi da ƙarfin kare lafiya kamar wadda aka tafasa a gida ko aka daskarar da masƙinta da man shanunta,ko kuma aka yi cuku ɗinta; saboda a wajen sarrafawa a masana’antu ake zubar da waɗannan sinadarai na kariya. Kuma ƙare-ƙare da ake yi na wasu sinarai don ƙarin ɗanɗano ko ƙamshi da hana ruɓewa, duk suna rage wa madarar da kamfanoni ke sarrafawa ƙarfin rigakafin lafiyar da take da shi. Saboda haka hanya mafi dacewa wajen samar da sinadarin rigakafin lafiya da ke cikin madara (lactobacillus) shi ne a sarrafa ta a gida ta hanyar tafasawa a fitar da daskararren masƙin man shanu a kuma ci tare da gudajin kindirmo ko ruwan nonon da aka fitar da man shanu daga ciki. Don haka ya fi kyau a yi ta a al’adance don inganta lafiya da kofi ɗaya na madara, kuma a samu rigakafi daga ɗimbin cututtuka. Man shanu na ƙunshe da nau’o’in abinci masu gina jiki(protein) da masu kare lafiya(vitamins), musamman ma waɗanda a Turance ake kira B-complex; misalin irin su akwai Thiamine da riboflavin da folic acid da Penthothenine acid da vitamin B-12. A mujallar nazarin harkokin magani da fitar da bayanai kan cututukan da ke da nasaba da zagayawar abinci a cikin ɗan Adam wato American Journal of Digestive Medecine, an fitar da sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar a kan rukunin jama’a biyu, waɗanda aka riƙa ba su curin daskararen masƙin madara (man shanu ko na cuku) a kullum sun samu sauƙin fitar da bahaya da inganta lafiyar ciki. A littafin addinin Hindu kuwa an yi nuni da cewa daskararen maiƙon madara da zuma abinci ne da Ubangiji ke so don suna ƙara ƙwarin guiwa da ƙarfin jiki. Wannan babu tababa ganin yadda wata cibiyar bincike da ake kira Pasteur Institute ta ambaci “Man shanu maganin ciwon zuciya ne da yamutsin ciki.“ Haka kuma al’amarin ya kasance a littafin Allah Alƙur’ani da Hadisan Manzon Allah(SAW). Domin an yi bayanin tsirrai da ’ya’yan itatuwa da suke amfani a jikin ɗan Adam wajen magance cututtuka. Daga cikinsu akwai zaitun da habbatus-sauda(baƙar ƙwaya),akwai kuma zuma da madara. Hasali ma dai ita zuma akwai sura guda da ke bayani a kanta;wadda har ta nuna cewa ita waraka ce ga mutane,sannan da akwai malamai na Musulunci da suka ƙware a harkokin maganin gargajiya. |
Milk, Cheese, and Butter
Most people, especially Asians, cannot digest milk as it is. But if it is solidified as cheese, or if one extracts the butter and fat that are in it, it is easier to eat and produces food that has substances for improving health in the body, that is, vitamins. Doing this also strengthens its taste, which in turn cures diseases such as diarrhea. Doctor Elie Metchnikoff, a Russian expert in human life science, has discovered that a substance called Lactobacilli digests a substance that cleanses the body, which is called hydrogen peroxide, and that those substances that are found in milk break down food and also give protection against microbes (bacteria) that can cause illness in the body. In 1951, Doctor Ivan Bogdanor, a Bulgarian, who isolated a type of lactobacillus in a lab, discovered some substances that were present in microorganisms, and coined the name LB-51 for them. Most research that was conducted on the species that the doctor isolated determined that raw milk taken directly from the animal, or cheese that is made from it, protects against catching gastric infections [bush disease]. Other research shows that the type of food that is not derived from plant sources, like beef, pork and the like, tends to generate bacteria that cause gastric infection in a person’s gut. But the bacteria-killing substance Lactobacillus audiophiles that are in granules of milk fat in butter or cheese, is beneficial to the body. Butter or cheese that is produced at home contains that substance lactobacillus. Processed yoghurt [“milk in plastic (container)”] with lactobacillus doesn’t have the strength for protecting health as when one makes it at home, or condenses its solids and makes butte for cheese from it; because at the place of production, in a factory, these substances are poured off through a screen. Similarly, additional substances added to increase the taste or smell and prevent fermentation, all lessen the health-protecting strength of milk that companies produce. Therefore, the most appropriate method of producing the agents and preserving the healthy ingredients contained in milk (lactobacillus) is to make it at home by boiling to extract the condensed milk fat, and to eat it with lumpy yoghurt or with the whey that is extracted from butter. Accordingly, it is better to make it in the traditional manner so as to strengthen one’s health, using one cup of milk. By doing so, one gets protection from a great number of illnesses. Butter contains several types of nutrients that build the body (protein) and improve health (vitamins), especially those that in English are called the B-complex. Examples of these are Thiamine, Riboflavin, Folic Acid, pantothenic Acid, and Vitamin B-12. A journal of medical research that provides details on diseases related to the digestion of food in humans, known as the American Journal of Digestive Medicine, published results of tests that were administered to two groups of people: those who were repeatedly given forms of solidified milk fat (butter or cheese) always had easier bowel movements and much better internal health. A recent Hindu religious book stressed that solidified milk fat and honey are foods that the Lord likes, due to the high levels of benefits to the human body. This is nothing to be skeptical about, seeing as how a research center called the Pasteur Institute has stated, “Butter is medicine for heart burn and indigestion.” This is reinforced by the (Islamic) book of God, the Koran, and in the Hadiths of God’s Messenger (PBUH), which also showed that tree fruits benefit the human body in resolving illnesses. Among them are olives and Habbatus sauda (black seed), and also honey and milk. In fact, there is an entire sura (verse) devoted to explaining the many benefits of honey and demonstrating that people are encouraging people to use it often. In fact, there are several Muslim scholars who specialize in matters of traditional medicine. |
Glossary
| Hausa | Hausa Meaning | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Wani hamzari ba gudu ba | Ana nufin magana ba ta ƙare ba; an faɗi wani abu da farko amma akwai wani bayyanin da yake canza abun ko yake ƙari bisa abin da an riga an faɗi kan shi. | The meaning of this expression is jumping to conclusions while all facts have not been cited. In this context, milk has always been considered healthy, but there are additional facts about it that contradict the theory. |
| Garin maiƙo-maiƙo | Mai na cikin madara da ake iya fitar da shi kuma a yi aiki da shi cikin wata hanyar gyara abinci. | Milk fat that comes with butter |
| Gudawa | Wannan yana nufin zawo. | Another word for diarrhea in Hausa |
| Waraka ce ga mutane. | A nan ana nufin zuma tana da anfani ga mutane. | This implies that honey is good for people. |
| Kamuwa da cutar daji... | Cutar daji, ko cansa, cuta ce da ake samu mafi yawancin lokaci ta wuri cin abincin mai wani mai da bai da kyau ga jiki. | In this context, the statement means that milk in the form of cheese can prevent cancer. |
| S.A.W | Wannan na nufin sallallahu alaihi wa salam. A musulunce ana faɗar wannan ne a duk lokacin da aka kira sunan wani annabi. | Peace be upon him. Mentioned whenever a prophet's name is mentioned. |
Notes
| Hausa Notes | English Notes |
|---|---|
|
Cikin yankunan Afirka masu ƙaramcin ruwa, raƙumi yana da muhimmin anfani wajen samun madara, ga mutanen da ake kira 'Gabbra' a yankin kudu na Habasha, su 'Turkana' a Kenya da mazamnan yamada da ake kira 'Bedouins' da turanci (Nicholson, 1984). A ƙasahen larabawa musamman, an riga an saba da ɗaukar madarar raƙuma da kuma cukunta, ko aiskirim, da cakulan. Raƙumi yana bada kusa lita biyar na madara a rana ɗaya, amma ana iya bunƙasa wannan inda an gyara kayan da aka sarrafa madarar, Ƙungiyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai kula da abinci da noma ta ce. Cuku, abinci ne mai tsohon tarihi. Ba a san lallai ko ina aka fara yin shi ba tsakanin Turai, Tsakiyar Asia, da kuma Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma aikata yin shi ya yaɗu cikin Turai kafin ma zamanin Romawa, kuma kamar yadda Pliny ya ce, ta kasance safara ta duniya kafin daular Romawa ta kasance. Akwai ɗaruruwan nau'oin cuku da ake yi cikin duniya yanzu. An yi anfani da cuku cikin yaƙi da bala'in yunwa, kuma abinci ne da yana da kyau lokacin balaguro. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4930120.stm |
In the arid and semi-arid areas of Africa, the camel is an important source of milk for the Gabbra of Southern Ethiopia, the Turkana in Kenya, and desert Bedouins (Nicholson, 1984). Camels' milk, and other products made from it like cheese, ice cream, and chocolate, is already widely drunk in many countries, especially in the Arab world. A camel typically produces about five liters of milk per day, but that could easily improve with changes to the low-tech business, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Cheese is an ancient food whose origins predate recorded history. There is no conclusive evidence indicating where cheese-making originated, whether in Europe, Central Asia or the Middle East, but the practice spread within Europe prior to Roman times, and, according to Pliny, had become a sophisticated enterprise by the time the Roman Empire came into being. There are hundreds of types of cheese produced all over the world. Cheese has served as a hedge against famine and is a good travel food. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4930120.stm |
CONTENT SOURCE: Abubakar Abdur-Rahaman (2006 January 12). Milk, Cheese, and Butter. N/A: Media Trust Limited . N/A Objective: Demonstrate your core comprehension.
Content description: This article on dairy products presents various findings on milk properties, from a scientific and religious point of view.
XML
<activity>
<problemset>
<problem correctindex="0">
<choices>
<opt>
<eng-response>The author of this article discusses the importance of drinking milk for the body. Milk is good for our health even though it contains lactic acid, which contributes to the production of bacteria harmful to our body. However, it can be destroyed when the milk is boiled or when cheese is made out of it. According to the article, the best way to drink milk is by processing it at home, because it maintains all the elements and antioxidants that prevent disease. Milk processed by companies, he said, is not as good, because it ends up losing its beneficial properties because of the flavors added to it. There have been different studies and findings about vitamins obtained from cheese, and it is concluded that drinking one cup of milk per day is a preventive measure against some diseases.</eng-response>
<eng-fdbk>Correct! This is correct because the publication is mainly about milk and its importance for our body, and the author concludes with the best ways to consume milk in order to prevent disease.</eng-fdbk>
<response>Marubucin da ya wallafa wannan labarin jarida yana bayyannin anfanin shan madara ga jiki mutun. Madara tana da kyau ga lafiya duk da tana ƙunshe da sinadarin lactic acid, wanda yana shiga cikin haifar da Bacteria wadda take zama illa ga mutun, amma ana iya kashe shi ta wurin tafasa madara ko kuma yin cuku da ita. Aikin da mai rubutun ya wallafa yana nuna cewa hanya mafi kyau da ake iya shan madara, ita ce gyara ta a gida domin hakanan ne ake iya shan ta da duk riba da take cikinta, watau kariya daga cututtuka. Ya ce madara da an gyara ta cikin kamfani, ba ta da cikakken ƙarfin kare lafiya domin ƙarin ɗanɗano da ake yi mata yana rage mata ikon bada kariya. An yi bincike daban-daban bisa bitamin da ake samu cikin cuku, kuma, a ƙarshe an yarda da cewa shan madara kamar kofi ɗaya, rigakafi ne mai kyau don wasu cututtuka.</response>
<fdbk>Daidai ne! Wannan daidai ne, saboda rubutun yana bisa madara ne musamman da alherinta ga jikunanmu, kuma marubucin ya bada hanya mafi kyau da ake iya ɗaukar madarar don kiyaye lafiya.</fdbk>
</opt>
<opt>
<eng-response>This article explains the different findings about milk, and some cultural and traditional interpretations of drinking milk. According to the author, Hindus, among others, believe that cheese is the recommended food by their god for helping achieve a healthy body. He adds that other groups that are very confident that drinking one cup of milk a day will prevent people from disease include the American Journal of Digestive Medicine, the Pasteur Institute, and the holy book of the Muslims, the Koran. In support of research studies, the author concludes that drinking one cup of milk daily will improve our health and prevent us from disease.</eng-response>
<eng-fdbk>Incorrect! This is wrong because the author did not give a collective opinion about milk. What did he say about drinking milk every day?</eng-fdbk>
<response>Wannan labarin jarida yana fasarta bayyanai da aka samu bisa abinda madara ta ƙunsa, kuma da yadda ake ganin madara cikin al'adu da gargajiya. Hindu da wasu kabilu suna cewa cuku, abinci ne da allansu ya yaba da shi wajen bada lafiyar jiki marubucin ya ce. Ya ƙara wasu ƙungiyoyi kamar `American Journal of Digestive Medecine', da kuma addinai kamar Musulinci cikin Alƙur'ani, su ma da sun yarda da cewa shan kofin madara ɗaya kawace rana yana kariyar jiki daga cututtuka. Shi ma marubucin ya goyi bayan waɗannan binciken kuma ya nanata cewa, shan ɗayan na madara yana tanada lafiyar jikinmu kuma ya karemu daga cututtuka.</response>
<fdbk>Ba daidai ba!. Wannan zaɓen ba daidai ne ba saboda marubucin bai bada ra'ayi ɗaya ba bisa madara. Minene ya ce bisa shan madara kowace rana?</fdbk>
</opt>
<opt>
<eng-response>This is an article which mainly expresses different opinions about ways to maintain a healthy body and to prevent the body from disease. The author gives different examples from studies that have proven that milk is very good for one’s health, especially when consumed in the form of cheese. He added that beef and pork are some of the bad foods that place deadly bacteria in the intestines, and advised that yogurt is better than non-vegetables. In conclusion, the author stated that since research has shown the importance of milk in the body, it is always necessary to drink one cup of boiled milk, or eat cheese, daily.</eng-response>
<eng-fdbk>Incorrect! This is wrong because the main idea in the text is not about maintaining a healthy body. What is the author’s introduction about?</eng-fdbk>
<response>Wannan labarin jarida ne wadda yana nuna ra'ayoyi bisa hanyoyi daban-daban na kiyaye lafiyar jiki, da kare shi daga cututtuka. Marubucin yana bada misalai na bincike daban-daban waɗanda sun nuna madara tana da muhimmin kyau ga lafiya, har dai in an ɗauke ta cikin cuku. Ya nuna cewa nama kamar na sa da na aladai, abinci ne wanda ba shi da cikakken alheri ga jiki saboda yana ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin cuta masu kawo illa ga hanji; ya bada shawara bisa kindirmon madara wanda ya fi duk abincin da ganye ba ko ɗiyan itace. A ƙarshe, ya nuna cewa tunda dukan binciken ya nuna darajar madara ga jiki, ya kamata a sha kofin madara da an tafasa ɗaya, ko cuku, kowace rana.</response>
<fdbk>Ba daidai ba! Wannan zaɓen bai dace ba saboda manufar rubutun ba bisa kiyaye lafiyar jiki ba ne. Mi marubucin ya faɗa cikin gabatarwar shi?</fdbk>
</opt>
</choices>
</problem>
</problemset>
<instr type="eng">INSTRUCTIONS:
Choose the best summary.</instr>
<instr type="target">Umurni:Zaɓi taƙaitawa mafi dacewa.</instr>
<finishtl>Yaya ake iya amfani da labari jarida kamar wannan domin jawo hankalin jama'a duka cikin duniya bisa dacewar shan madara da aka sarrafa ta a gida?</finishtl>
<finish>How would an article like this one help promote global awareness about the benefits of drinking milk processed at home?</finish>
<finishtl>Donmi marubucin wannan ya haɗa ra'ayin kimiyya da na addinai cikin wannan aikin?</finishtl>
<finish>Why do you think the author combined opinions from scientific and religious sources?</finish>
<finishtl>Yaya kuke ganin banbanci tsakanin madara roba da ake magana a nan, da cuku, in an duba cewa dukan su madara ce da an sake ma kama. Minene ya sa nuna cewa cuku ya fi lafiya cikin wannan labarin?</finishtl>
<finish>How can you tell the difference between yogurt and cheese, considering both are milk transformed through processing? Why is cheese considered to be healthier in this article?</finish>
</activity>