Overview
- Lesson Title: The Bakassi Peninsula Dispute-This is a report about the Bakassi Peninsula dispute between Nigeria and Cameroon.
- Language: Hausa
- Topic: Economics/Politics
- ILR Level: 1+/2
- ACTFL Proficiency: Advanced-Mid, Advanced-Low, Intermediate-High; This ACTFL rating is an approximation based on the ILR level
- Modality: Reading
- Learning Objective: Maintenance & Improvement
- Subject Area: Language
- Material Type: LO
- Publication Year: 2008
- ObjectID: HAUS_13090
Transcript
| Original | Translation |
|---|---|
|
Nijeriya ta mika tsibirin Bakassi ga Kamaru A ran 14 ga wata,Nijeriya ta mika tsibirin Bakassi ga kasar Kamaru,daga nan aka sa aya ga gardamar da ta shafe shekaru da dama da aka yi ta yi tsakanin kasashen nan biyu.Babban sakatare na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-moon ya bayyana cewa muhimmin al'amari ne a duniya,Nijeriya ta zama abin koyi ga sauran kasashe da yankuna na duniya wajen warware gardama kan yankuna. Duk da haka gwamnatin Nijeriya ta fuskanci matsin lamba daga kafofin yada labarai na gida sabo da mika tsibirin Bakassi,shi ya sa tana nan tana sha jarrabawa bayan mikawa. Tsibirin Bakassi yana bakin kudu na tsakanin Nijeriya da Kamaru,fadinsa ya kai muraba'in kilomita dubu,yana da arzukin man fetur da gas.Gwagwarmar da ake yi tsakanin Kamaru da Nijeriya ba ta daina ba domin mallakar wannan tsibirin,har ma aka yi tashin hankali na zubar da jinni. A shekara ta 1994, Kamaru ta gabatar da batun mallakar tsibirin Bakassi ga kotun duniya ta Hague. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2002,kotun duniya ta Hague ta tsaida kudurin mayar da tsibirin Bakassi ga Kamaru. Bisa kudurin nan,gwamnatocin kasashen biyu sun daddale yarjejeniyar Green Tree a birnin New York na kasar Amurka a ran 14 ga watan Augusta na shekara ta 2006,daga nan an fara gudanar da shirin mika tsibirin Bakassi. Duk da haka,bisa abubuwan da aka tanada a cikin tsarin mulkin kasa na Nijeriya,an bayyana cewa dole ne kowace yarjejeniya da gwamatin Tarayyar Nijeriya ta daddale da kowace kasa ta sami amincewa daga majalisun dokokin kasa,in ba haka ba ba ta iya fara aiki. A watan Nuwanba na shekara ta 2007,majalisun dokoki na Nijeriya sun yanke shawara cewa yarjejeniyar Green Tree ba ta da amfani bisa dokokin kasa, sabili da haka Nijeriya ba ta iya mayar da tsibirin Bakassi ba. Ko ma a yan kwanakin gabannin bikin mikawa, kotun Tarrayar Nijeriya a birnin Abuja ta bayar da umurni ga gwamnatin Nijeriya da ta kiyaye halin da ake ciki yanzu a tsibirin Bakassi.A sa'I daya,yawancin mutanen Nijeriya suna masus ra'ayi cewa mika tsibiri ya bayyana cewa gwamnatin Nijeriya ba ta da karfi domin babu wata kasa a duniya da ta kama gaba ta mika yankinta. Kwanakin baya,wasu kungiyoyin fafitika na Nijeriya sun sha kai hari kan sojojin Kamaru a yankin dab da tsibirin Bakassi. Kuma sun kankama da cewa idan aka mika tsibirin tare da nasara,za su kai Karin hari kan sojojin Kamaru. |
Nigeria hands Bakassi peninsula over to Cameroon On the 14th of this month, Nigeria transferred the Bakassi peninsula to Cameroon, ending a dispute between these two countries that has been ongoing for many years. The General Secretary of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, explained that it was a landmark step for the world, and that Nigeria had set an example for other countries and regions of the world for resolving regional disputes. Nevertheless, the Nigerian government is facing pressure from the domestic media for ceding the Bakassi peninsula, and this has placed it in a difficult position following the transfer. The Bakassi peninsula is located at the southern border between Nigeria and Cameroon, covers an area of about 1,000 square kilometers, and is rich in oil and gas resources. The struggle between Cameroon and Nigeria over control of the Bakassi peninsula has continued unabated, resulting in riots and bloodshed. In 1994, Cameroon brought the issue of sovereignty of the Bakassi peninsula before the International Court of Justice in The Hague. In October 2002, the International Court of Justice in The Hague delivered a judgment restoring the Bakassi peninsula to Cameroon. Based on this ruling, the governments of the two countries signed the Greentree Agreement on August 14, 2006 in New York in the U.S., and so began the process of handing over the Bakassi peninsula. However, according to provisions in Nigeria’s constitution, any treaty the federal government of Nigeria enters into with another country must be ratified by the Senate; otherwise it cannot go into effect. In November of 2007, the Nigerian Senate decided that the Greentree Agreement had no basis in the country’s laws, and therefore Nigeria should not cede the Bakassi peninsula. In the days leading up to the transfer ceremony, a Nigerian federal high court in Abuja even ordered the Nigerian government to maintain the status quo with regards to the Bakassi peninsula. Moreover, the majority of Nigerians were of the opinion that ceding the peninsula would demonstrate weakness on the part of Nigeria, since no other country in the world has ever been so coerced into handing over territory. A few days later, Nigerian militants attacked Cameroon’s army in the center of the Bakassi peninsula, and threatened that if the peninsula were transferred, they would carry out further attacks on Cameroon’s army.
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Glossary
| Hausa term | English meaning |
|---|---|
| tsibirin (Bakassi) | "Island," refering to Bakassi Peninsula |
| abin koyi | "Example" |
| matsin lamba | "Being crowded" or "in a crisis" means "to be pushed to the limit," "harassed," "constrained," or "harshly criticized." |
| na gida | "Local" |
| sha jarrabawa | "Go through trials," or "be under criticism" |
| tashin hankali na zubar da jini | "Conflicts leading to bloodshed," refers to deadly confrontation. |
| daddale yarjejeniyar | "Reach an agreement," "settlement" |
| ƙungiyoyin fatitika | "Trouble-making associations" implies armed groups or militia in the context of the text. |
| tare da nasara | "With victory," means "successfully" in this context. |
| man fetur | "Petrol oil" |
Notes
1. The Bakassi Peninsula is situated in southern Nigeria and Cameroon on the Gulf of Guinea. It is home to a host of small fishing communities of about three hundred thousand people, mostly Nigerian citizens. Soldiers placed by both countries to mark their sovereignty over the peninsula occupy it, too.
Although border diputes are common between the two countries, Bakassi has drawn increasing attention as it becomes public knowledge that it is rich in oil and natural gas, thus being economically strategic. Decades of escalating incidents and clashes have left many dead or wounded, and assaults continue to plague it.
Many countries got involved in mediations with a succession of presidents, mainly on the Nigerian side, to bring an end to the conflict.
http://www.postwatchmagazine.com/files/bakassi_notes.pdf
http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sgsm11745.doc.htm
http://www.afrol.com/articles/29703
XML
<activity>
<problemset>
<problem>
<type>L2_Purpose-Audience</type>
<stim>What audience is this report intended for and what is its purpose?</stim>
<fdbk>The report is intended for online international news readers of China Radio International Hausa Service. It informs readers about the handing over of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon by Nigerian authorities, ending years of dispute.</fdbk>
<hint>Consider the title of the report and details developed throughout the text. Please refer to the Notes for information about the Bakassi Peninsula.</hint>
</problem>
<problem>
<type>L2_Facts-Figures</type>
<stim>Why did Nigeria and Cameroon struggle over the peninsula?</stim>
<fdbk>The peninsula is situated between the two countries. It is inhabited by citizens of both countries and is very rich in natural resources (petroleum and natural gas).</fdbk>
<hint>Consider the description of the peninsula and the reaction of most Nigerians to the authorities' decision.</hint>
</problem>
<problem>
<type>L2_Sequence-Steps</type>
<stim>What events mark the history of the Bakassi dispute?</stim>
<fdbk>Nigerian authorities handed over the peninsula to Cameroon after decades of dispute and international mediations. In 1994, Cameroon resorted to the Hague International Court of Justice to claim the peninsula and was awarded its sovereignty in October 2002. The court ruling led to the 2006 Greentree Pact which determined the handing over procedure but was rejected by the Nigerian House of Representatives for constitutional reasons in November 2007.</fdbk>
<hint>Consider the use of dates and references to federal and international institutions. Please refer to the Learn More section for details.</hint>
</problem>
<problem>
<type>L2_Cause-Effect</type>
<stim>According to the text, what caused resentment among most Nigerians in the outcome of the Bakassi dispute?</stim>
<fdbk>Handing over Bakassi by Nigerian authorities is considered weakness or failure by most Nigerians as it is an unsual act. The press is critical and some people defy them.</fdbk>
<hint>Consider the details about most Nigerians' feelings regarding the authorities' gesture described in the first and last paragraphs.</hint>
</problem>
<problem>
<type>L2_Supporting_Detail</type>
<stim>What was the United Nations' reaction to the Nigerian authorities' gesture?</stim>
<fdbk>The Secretary General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, calls the decision a significant event for the world, and an exemplary act for countries who experience border disputes.</fdbk>
<hint>Consider the comments narrated in the first paragraph and the reference to the UN.</hint>
</problem>
</problemset>
<instr type="eng">Read each question and type your response in the box provided. Click CHECK at the bottom of the screen to view the model response.</instr>
<instr type="target" />
<bgnotes>
<bg>
<note>1. The Hague International Court of Justice based at the Peace Palace in the Hague, Netherlands, was established in 1945 by a UN Charter. It is is the principal judicial organization of the United Nations. The International Court of Justice seeks to resolve matters of international law disputed by state governments.
http://www.liechtenstein-icj-case.de/en_fall/82.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice
2. The Green Tree Agreement was signed in New York on June 12, 2006 at a tripartite summit involving the Republic of Cameroon and the Federal Republic of Nigeria, led by then Secretary General of the United Nations Kofi Annan with witnesses from other countries. The two countries reaffirmed their willingness to peacefully implement the judgment of the International Court of Justice.
http://www.dibussi.com/2006/06/bakassi_peninsu.html</note>
<category>Background Information</category>
</bg>
<bg>
<category>Vocabulary</category>
<note>1. _Gabannin bikin_ (front of the ceremony), implies "shortly before the ceremony." _Gabannin_ is used to refer to events that occured before other more important events, like a prelude.</note>
</bg>
<bg>
<category>Grammar</category>
<note>1. _Arzuki_ is also spelled _arziki_.
2. _Masus_ (from the text _masus ra'ayi_...) is a misspelling of _masu_.</note>
</bg>
</bgnotes>
</activity>