- Taimakon raya ƙasashe masu tasowa
- A wannan karo shirin zai duba illar da matsalar tattalin arziki ta jawo ga ƙasashe masu tasowa, ta fannin taimakon raya ƙasar da suke samu daga takwarorinsu masu hannu da shuni.
- Matsalar taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki da ta ɓarke a duniya shekara da ta gabata, har yanzu ta na cigaba da hadassa illoli a ƙasashe dabam dabam na duniya, ta la´akari da yadda harakokin saye da sayarwa da kuma hada -hadar kuɗi a bankuna ke sarƙe da juna.
- Don kawo kawo ƙarshe matsalar da dama daga ƙasashe masu ƙarfin tattalin arziki, wanda kuma sune suka fi jin raɗaɗin annobar, sun ɓullo da hanyoyi iri -iri, sannan baya ga matakai na cikin gida, gungun ƙasashe kamar na Tarayya Turai, sun ɗauki matakan haɗin gwiwa.
- To saidai masana harakokin tattalin arziki, sun bayyana wannan matakai a matsayin wata hanya, ta mayar da hannu agogo baya, ta fannin taimakon raya ƙasa da ƙasashe masu cigaban masana´anrtu, ke kaiwa masu tasowa.
- A jimilce, matakan da ƙasashe masu da hannu da shuni suka ɗauka sun haɗa da bada tallafi ga bankuna, rage kudin haraji domin taimakawa masu ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi ,haɓɓaka gine gine da dai sauranwasu karimn matakai.
- A cewar shugabar gwamnatin Jamus Angela Merkel ɗaukar irin wannan matakai ya zama cilas.
- "Munyi na´am ga sakamakon da wannan matakai zasu cimma, mussamman ta fannin ƙaruwar guraben aiki don tabbatar da makoma ta gari ga ƙasar Jamus."
- Dukan ƙasashe masu cigaban masana´antu sun fi bada fifiko ga tallafawa bankuna da kamfanoni da kuma ƙirƙiro saban guraben aiki.
- Wannan mataki ya fi ɗaukar hankali a ƙasar Amurika, inda ƙiddidar da hukumar ƙwadago ta kasa ta nunar da cewa yawan marrasa aikin yi a wannan ƙasa, ya zarta kashi bakwai ciki ɗari ,abunda ba a taɓa gani ba a ƙasar Amurika.
- Saban shugaban ƙasa Barack Obama, ya bayan aniyarsa, ta lalubo hanyoyin samar da aiki ga Amurikawa fiye da miliyan 11 dake zaman kashe wando, a dalili da taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki.
- Don kaiwa ga wannan mataki shugaban Amurika ya gabatar da tsarin fassalin kuɗi da yawansu ya kai dalla miliyan kussan dubu 20, domin ceton manyan kamfanonin ƙera motoci.
- Sannan gwamnati Amurika ta ƙuduri ware zuzuntun kuɗi wuri na gugar wuri, har dalla miliyan dubu ɗari bakwai, wanda zata zubawa a cikin harakokin hada hada, to saidai a cewar Peter Mucke, shugaban Ƙungiyar bada agaji mai suna "Terres des Hommes" reshen Jamus, kuɗin da Amurika ta ware, zasu shafi ɓangaren taimakon raya ƙasa, da kuma jarin dake zuwa a ƙasashe masu tasowa.
- "Ana fuskantar ƙaranci zuba jari a wannan ƙasashe, dakuma faduwar darajar makamashi.
- Kazalika suna fama da matsaloli ta fannin shigar da hajoji a ƙasashe masu arzikin masana´antu.
- Saboda haka, a daidai wannan lokaci, da ya kamata a ƙara yawan taimakon raya ƙasa, sai ma raguwa yake".
- Ta la´akari da yadda matsalolin tattalin arziki, suka fara nakasa ƙasashe masu cigaban masana´antu, da dama daga cikin su ,sun rage yawan tallafi da suke baiwa ƙasashe masu tasowa, domin kamar yadda ake fada idan gida ba ta ƙoshi ba, ba a ba daji.
- A cewar Sylvia Borre shugabar Ƙungiyar yaƙi da talauci ta GCAP ƙasashe kamar su Engla Japan Italy duk sun tsuke bakin aljihunsu , a dalili da hanyoyin da suka ɗauka na tinkirar matsalar taɓaɓarewar tattalin arziki a ƙasashensu:
- "Idan aka duba hanyoyin da ake bi yanzu domin fidda bankuna daga matsalar kuɗaɗe, an ware fiye da dalla Amurika biliyan dubu huɗu.
- A ganina wannan babban kuskure ne,idan aka duba talaucin da jama´a ke fama da shi.
- Maimakon ayi amfani da wannan kuɗi ,domin tallafawa mabuƙata, sai aka fi bada fifiko ga taimakawa masu arziki domin su ƙara tara dukiya, wannan ba ƙaramar tabargaza ce a ka caɓa ba."
- A nan Jamus,matakan tada komaɗar tattalin arziki ba zasu shafi taimakon raya ƙasa ba, kamar yadda shugabar gwamnati Angela Merkel ta nunar.
- Ministar dake kula da taimakon raya ƙasa a gwamnatin Tarayyar Jamus,Heid Marie Wickzoreck Zeul,tace bai ta kamata a zuba ido ba ana kallan ƙasashe mafi rauni suna fama da wannan matsaloli, ba tare an taimako masu ba, Wieckzoreck Zeul,ta nuna wajibcin cigaba da tallafa masu, mussamman idan aka yi la´akari da matsalolin da sukayi fama da su shekara da ta gabata, sakamakon tsadar man petur da abinci
- "A shekara ta 2008 wannan ƙasashe, sun biya tsabar kuɗi dalla miliyan dubu 50 domin sayen man petur kawai, sannan sun saka kuɗaɗe masu yawa domin odar kayan abinci.
- Bugu da ƙari,darajar hajojin da suke saidawa a ƙetare ta ragu sakamakon matsalolin kuɗaɗe.
- Saboda haka, ina kira da babbar murya, a game da wajibcin ƙirƙiro da wata sabuwar taswira taimakon raya ƙasa a wannan ƙarni na 21".
- A farkon watan Desember na shekara ta 2008 Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta shirya babban taro a birnin Doha na ƙasar Qatar, domin bitar inda aka kwana a game da taimakon raya ƙasa da ƙasashe masu tasowa ke samu, sannan taron yayi tunani a dangane da matakan da suka cencenta a ɗauka, domin kadda taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki da duniya ke fama da shi ya shafi taimakon.
- A jawabin da ya gabatar shugaban ƙasar France wanda a wancen lokaci ke jagorantar ƙungiyar Tarayya Turai, ya alƙawarta cewar EU ba za ta rage yawan tallafi ba ga ƙasashe masu tasowa ba, to saidai shugaban ƙasar Tanzaniya Jakaya Kikwete yace Afrika ta gaji da gafara sa ba ta ka ƙafo ba.
- "Ƙasashe masu da hannu da shuni ba su cika alƙawarin da suka ɗauka ba, a game da lunka addadin taimakon raya ƙasashe masu tasowa, nan da shekara ta 2010.Akwai babban giɓi tsakanin alƙawarin da suka yi na fatar baka, da kuma zahirin taimakon da suka bada."
- Tun shekara ta 2000 Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ƙaddamar da wani tsari da raɗawa suna Millenium Developpment Goals, ko kuma Objectif du millenaire, wanda ya tanadi rage kaifin talauci da kashi 50 cikin ɗari a ƙasashe masu tasowa, kamin nan da shekara ta 2015, to saidai ya zuwa wannan lokaci cimma wannan buri na da kamar wuya.
|
- Development Assistance to Developing Countries
- At this time, the program will look at the economic difficulties that have befallen developing countries in the area of the development assistance they receive from their well to do counterparts.
- The issue of the economic crisis that broke out around the globe last year continues to cause difficulties in many different countries in the world, given the way that issues of trade and commercial banking have become intertwined.
- In order to curb the multitude of problems coming from economically advanced countries, which are also the ones that have been most affected by this crisis, they have come up with a variety of strategies; in addition to domestic policies, groups of countries like those of the European Union have taken cooperative measures.
- But economic experts explain that these policies have their negative side when it comes to development assistance that industrialized countries provide developing countries.
- In general, the steps that wealthy countries have taken include stimulus packages, giving aid to banks, reducing taxes to help less privileged citizens, expanding construction projects and various other small programs.
- According to German Chancellor Angela Merkel, it was crucial to take these kinds of steps.
- “We agreed on the results that these steps would achieve, especially when it comes to increasing employment opportunities in order to ensure a bright future for Germany.”
- All of the industrialized countries have prioritized helping banks and companies and creating new employment opportunities.
- This strategy has received the most attention in the U.S., where national labor department statistics reveal that the country’s rate of unemployment has exceeded seven percent, an unprecedented figure in the U.S.
- The new U.S. president, Barack Obama, has pledged to look for ways to provide employment to more than 11 million Americans who have been laid off due to the decline in the economy.
- In order to carry out this measure, the U.S. president has announced a financial arrangement of nearly 20 billion dollars to rescue the major auto manufacturers.
- And the U.S. government has promised to set aside a huge cash reserve of up to 800 billion dollars that it will pour into commercial activities, though according to Peter Mucke, head of the German branch of the aid organization called "Terres des Hommes," the money that the U.S. has set aside will affect development assistance as well as loans going to developing countries.
- “These countries are facing a shortage of investments, as well as the declining price of fuel.
- They are also facing problems in the area of trade access to these developed countries.
- Because of this, at the very time when the amount of development aid is supposed to be increasing, it is declining.”
- Given the way the economic problems have begun weakening industrialized countries, many of them have reduced the amount of aid they are giving to developing countries, because as the saying goes, when the cupboard is bare, there’s nothing to spare.
- According to Sylvia Borren, head of the anti-poverty organization GCAP, countries like England, Japan and Italy have all taken austere economic measures in the methods they have used to combat the problem the global economic crisis has caused in their countries:
- “If you look at the methods currently being undertaken to bail out the banks, more than four trillion U.S. dollars has been set aside.
- In my view, this is a big mistake, when you look at the poverty that people are experiencing.
- Instead of using the money to help those in need, more priority is being given to wealthy individuals to continue to amass more wealth, and this is a major disgrace.”
- Here in Germany, Chancellor Angela Merkel has indicated that her government’s commitment to revive the economy would not affect development assistance.
- The German government’s minister for economic cooperation and development, Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, said that, by looking at the weakest countries, it is clear that they are suffering from these problems, despite the aid they are receiving. Wieczorek-Zeul insisted on the necessity of continuing to support them, especially given the problems they have suffered in the past year as a result of the high costs of oil and food:
- “In 2008, these countries paid as much as 50 billion dollars just to purchase oil, and they paid a lot of money for foodstuffs.
- Moreover, the value of goods that they sold overseas declined as a result of the economic crisis.
- Because of this, I am calling for the need to create a new roadmap for development assistance in the 21st century."
- At the beginning of December 2008, the United Nations held a major conference in Doha, Qatar, to review the status of assistance being received by developing countries, and the conference deliberated on the appropriate steps to take to prevent the global economic recession from affecting such assistance.
- In his speech, the president of France, who at that time headed the European Union, promised that the EU would not reduce its level of support to developing countries, while the president of Tanzania, Jakaya Kikwete, said that Africa was tired of poverty being used as an excuse.
- “The wealthy countries have not fulfilled their promises regarding the full amount of assistance to developing countries through 2010. There is a big gap between the commitment they made and the actual assistance they have provided.”
- Since 2000, the United Nations has been heading up a project called the Millenium Development Goals, or Objectifs du millenaire, through which it proposes to reduce extreme poverty in developing countries by 50 percent by the year 2015, but now this goal may prove difficult to achieve.
|
