Mabuɗin Sura <> Introduction to the chapter:
- Sunanta: Ana kiran ta Suratul Kahf domin a cikinta ne labarin Ashabul Kahfi ya zo, wato labarin mutanen Kogo. Duk ilahirin Alƙur'ani babu inda aka ba da labarinsu sai a wannan Sura kaɗai, shi ne dalilin da ya sa ta ci sunansu.
Its name: This chapter's called the chapter of the cave as it narrates the story of the companions or people of the cave.
Kiran wannan Sura da wannan sunan ya zo a cikin ingantattun hadisai na Annabiﷺ, kuma shi ne abin da ke rubuce cikin mushafai.
This is backed by strong hadiths of the Prophetﷺ. - Sanda aka saukar da ita: Ibnu Aɗiyya ya kawo cewa, malaman Tafsiri sun haɗu a kan cewa wannan Sura ce Makkiyya. Abu Abdullahi Al-Ƙurɗubi ya goyi bayansa a kan haka. Amma wasu malamai sun togace aya ta (1) zuwa ta (8) sun ce a Madina aka saukar da su. Wasu kuma suka togace aya ta (28). To amma ingantacciyar magana ita ce, wannan sura daga farkonta har ƙarshenta Makkiyya ce.
- Jerin saukarta: Wannan sura ita ce ta sittin da takwas (68) a jerin saukar surorin Alƙur'ani. Ta sauka bayan suratul Gashiya kafin saukar suratus-Shura.
- Adadin ayoyinta: A lissafin mutanen Makka da Madina ayoyinta ɗari da biyar ne (105). A lissafin mutanen Sham kuwa, ayoyinta ɗari da shida ne (106). Su kuma mutanen Basra a lissafinsu ɗari da goma sha ɗaya ne (111). Mutanen Kufa kuwa a wurinsu ayoyinta ɗari da goma ne daidai (110). Watau dai an samu saɓani wajen tantance farkon wasu ayoyin da ƙarshensu, wasu sai su lissafa aya biyu a matsayin ɗaya, wasu kuma su lissafa aya ɗaya a matsayin biyu.
- Sababin saukarta: Imam Ibnu Jarir ya ruwaito da isnadinsa daga Abdullahi ɗan Abbas cewa: "Yayin da Larabawan Ƙuraishawa suka ga irin yadda Annabiﷺ yake matsa musu da kira zuwa ga imani da Allah, da jan hankalinsu a kan su bi Alƙur'ani, sai suka tura wakilansu Madina wurin Yahudawa domin su yi musu tambaya a kan Annabiﷺ don su ba su wani bayani wanda za su ƙure Annabiﷺ da shi, domin su ma Yahudawa an saukar musu da littafi suna da ilimi. Da suka je sai Yahudawa suka ce musu su koma su yi wa Annabiﷺ tambayoyi uku; idan ya ba su amsarsu daidai, to tabbas shi Annabi ne sai su bi shi; idan kuwa ya kasa ba da amsarsu, to shi ba annabin gaskiya ba ne, daga nan sai su yanke shawarar abin da ya kamata su yi masa. Suka umarce su da su tambaye shi ƙissar Ashabul Kahafi, da ta Zulƙarnaini, da kuma sha'anin Ruhi, watau rai da yake jikin ɗan'adam.
Waɗannan wakilai suka dawo Makka suka kuma yi wa Annabiﷺ waɗannan tambayoyi, sai ya nemi cewa, su dawo gobe zai ba su amsa. Sai ya manta bai ce inshaAllahu ba, saboda haka sai aka samu jinkirin saukar wahayi na kimanin kwana goma sha biyar (15 day delay in revelation). Wannan kuwa ya sa Annabiﷺ ya shiga matuƙar damuwa, kuma aka yi ta yayata maganganu a cikin garin Makka cewa, aljanin da yake kawo wa Annabiﷺ labarai shi ma ya watsar da shi. Daga baya sai Allah ya saukar cewa, kada ya sake cewa zai yi wani abu gobe ba tare da ya haɗa da inshaAllahu ba."
Wannan ruwaya mai rauni ce, a cikin sanadinta akwai mai ruwayan da ba a bayyana kowane ne shi ba. Amma duk da haka wasu malaman sukan ambaci wannan ƙissar.
6. Falalar suratul Kahafi:
Hadisai ingantattu sun tabbata daga Annabiﷺ game da falalar karanta Suratul Kahafi: An karb'o daga Albara'u ɗan Azib(AS) ya ce:
"Wani mutum yana karanta Suratul Kahafi a cikin gidansa, a lokacin kuwa dokinsa yana d'aure, sai ya rik'a zabura yana firgita. Da ya fito domin ya ga abin da yake faruwa, sai ya ga wani girgije ne ya yiwo k'asa-k'asa ya lullube nahiyar gidansa. Washe-gari ya je ya fad'a wa Annabiﷺ abin da ya faru, sai Annabiﷺ ya ce: "Ka ci gaba da karatunka wane, domin wannan natsuwa ce take sauka domin karatun Alk'ur'ani." [ Bukhari #3614 da Muslim #795 ]
A man recited Surat-al-Kahf (in his prayer) and in the house there was a (riding) animal which got frightened and started jumping. The man finished his prayer with Taslim, but behold! A mist or a cloud hovered over him. He informed the Prophet (ﷺ) of that and the Prophet (ﷺ) said, "O so-and-so! Recite, for this (mist or cloud) was a sign of peace descending for the recitation of Qur'an."
Wannan mutun shi ne Usaidu ɗan Hudhair, kamar yadda ya zo a wasu ruwayoyi.
An karɓo daga Abud-Darda'i ya ce: Annabiﷺ yana cewa: Abu Darda' reported Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) as saying:
"Duk wanda ya haddace ayoyi goma na farkon Suratul Kahafi to za a tsare shi daga fitinar Dujal."
If anyone learns by heart the first ten verses of the Surah al-Kahf, he will be protected from the Dajjal. --[ Muslim #809 ] / Quran/18/Rijiyar_Lemo_Tafsir
A wani lafazin kuma: "Ayoyi goma na ƙarshe na Suratul Kahafi" amma lafazin farko shi ne ya inganta. [Duba Ibnul Ƙayyim, Jala'ul Afham, shafi na 325].
Watau idan Dujal ya bayyana to shi mutumen (misspelling of mutumin) zau samu kariya a dalilin waɗannan ayoyi guda goma da ya haddace.
7. Daga Cikin Abubuwan Da Ta Kunsa:
Wannan Sura ta sauka a Makka daidai lokacin da ake nuna wa Annabi (ﷺ) da sahabbansa tsananin kiyayya da gaba, har wasu daga cikinsu suka yi gudun hijira zuwa Habasha. Ana cikin irin wannan yanayi wannan Surar ta sauka, domin ta karantar da Annabi (ﷺ) da sahabbansa cewa, su yi hakuri, haka sha'anin addini ya gada. Allah Ta'ala kuma ya halicci rayuwa ne gaba daya don ya jarraba dan adam ya ga wane ne zai tsaya ya kyautata aikinsa.
Surar ta kuma ba da misali na wasu da suka tsinci kawunansu cikin fitina amma suka riƙe Allah suka dogara gare shi, kuma ya kuɓutar da su daga wannan fitinar. Su ne Ashabul Kahafi waɗanda suka taso a garin da ba imani a cikinsa, amma Allah Ta'ala ya sa duk da haka suka iya rinjayar zukatansu, suka kuma rinjayi fitinar da suka samu kawunansu a ciki, Allah ya ba su nasara ya tsare su.
A wannan Sura, Allah Ta'ala ya lallashi Annabi yayin da ya shiga damuwa dangane da mutanensa da suka ki amsar gaskiyar da ya zo musu da ita, ya nuna masa kada ya damu, domin ya halicci mutane ne daban daban, kuma ya yi su don ya jarraba su, a cikin su akwai wanda zai ci jarrabawar, akwai kuma wanda ba zai ci ba. Don haka wadanda Allah ya ga dama ya shiryar daga cikinsu za su shiriya kamar yadda ya shiryar da samarin As'habul Kahafi.
Haka kuma Surar ta yi bayanin yadda Iblis ya nuna wa mutum na farko kiyayya shi da zurriyyarsa. Ta bayyana cewa duk wani rudi na duniya da yaudarar kyale kyalenta daga Shaidan ne, don haka mutane kada su bari ya ruɗe su ya hana su samun rabauta ta duniya da lahira.
Surar ta zo da fadakarwa dangane da wanda zai ruɗu da iliminsa, inda ta tarbiyyanci mutane a kan su san cewa, duk inda mutum ya kai ga ilimi to ilimin Allah ya fi nasa, Allah kuma zai iya sanya abin da bai sani ba a hannun wani na kasa da shi, kamar yadda kissar Annabi Musa da Khadir ta nuna.
Surar ta ja hankali a kan wanda zai rudu don Allah ya mallaka masa wani mulki na duniya, har ya kai shi ga bijire wa Allah, ko ya kai shi ga zalunci a bayan kasa. Kissar Zulkarnaini ta bayyana mana wannan.
Duk da dimbin ilimi da mulki da Allah ya ba shi, ya shiga lunguna-lunguna na duniya da karfin ikonsa, amma Surar dai ta zo da misalai na wasu abubuwa kishiyoyin juna. Ta yi bayanin alhairi, ta kuma yi bayanin sharri; ta yi bayanin imani, kuma ta yi bayanin kafirci; ta yi bayanin adalci, ta kuma yi bayanin zalunci;
haka kuma ta yi bayanin waɗanda suka yi imani, Allah kuma ya kara musu shiriya, da kuma waɗanda suka kafirce wa Allah. Wannan duka don ta dora mutum a kan tarbiyyar da za ta sanya shi ya ci jarrabawar da Allah ya shirya masa.
7. Translated
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| 2 | Surar ta kuma ba da misali na wasu da suka tsinci kawunansu cikin fitina amma suka riƙe Allah suka dogara gare shi, kuma ya kuɓutar da su daga wannan fitinar. Su ne Ashabul Kahafi waɗanda suka taso a garin da ba imani a cikinsa, amma Allah Ta'ala ya sa duk da haka suka iya rinjayar zukatansu, suka kuma rinjayi fitinar da suka samu kawunansu a ciki, Allah ya ba su nasara ya tsare su. | The chapter also gives an example of some who found themselves in a trying situation but they held on to God and trusted in Him, and He delivered them from this trial. They are Ashabul Kahafi who grew up in a town where there is no faith in it, but Allah Ta'ala made them able to control their hearts and overcome the trials they found themselves in. Allah gave them victory and protected them. [2] |
| 3 | A wannan Sura, Allah Ta'ala ya lallashi Annabi yayin da ya shiga damuwa dangane da mutanensa da suka ki amsar gaskiyar da ya zo musu da ita, ya nuna masa kada ya damu, domin ya halicci mutane ne daban daban, kuma ya yi su don ya jarraba su, a cikin su akwai wanda zai ci jarrabawar, akwai kuma wanda ba zai ci ba. Don haka wadanda Allah ya ga dama ya shiryar daga cikinsu za su shiriya kamar yadda ya shiryar da samarin As'habul Kahafi. | In this Surah, Allah Ta'ala comforted the Prophet when he was worried about his people who refused to accept the truth that he brought to them, and showed him not to worry, because he created different people, and made them to test them, among them there are those who will pass the test, and there are those who will not pass. Therefore, those whom God wants to guide from among them will be guided as he guided the young men of Ash'abul Kahafi. [3][4] |
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Surar ta zo da fadakarwa dangane da wanda zai ruɗu da iliminsa, inda ta tarbiyyanci mutane a kan su san cewa, duk inda mutum ya kai ga ilimi to ilimin Allah ya fi nasa, Allah kuma zai iya sanya abin da bai sani ba a hannun wani na kasa da shi, kamar yadda kissar Annabi Musa da Khadir ta nuna. | The surah comes with a lesson for the one who might be misled by his own knowledge, where it educates people to know that no matter how far a person reaches in being knowledgeable, God's more knowledgeable, and God can give some knowledge he doesn't have to someone below him, as the story of Prophet Musa and Khadir shows. [6] |
6 |
Surar ta ja hankali a kan wanda zai rudu don Allah ya mallaka masa wani mulki na duniya, har ya kai shi ga bijire wa Allah, ko ya kai shi ga zalunci a bayan (bayin/slaves, typo?) kasa. Kissar Zulkarnaini ta bayyana mana wannan. | The surah draws attention to the one who may be deceived by having some worldly power given to him from God, to the point that it will lead him to disobey God, or lead him to injustice in the world. The story of Zulkarnaini explains this to us. [7] |
7 |
Duk da dimbin ilimi da mulki da Allah ya ba shi, ya shiga lunguna-lunguna na duniya da karfin ikonsa, amma Surar dai ta zo da misalai na wasu abubuwa kishiyoyin juna. Ta yi bayanin alhairi, ta kuma yi bayanin sharri; ta yi bayanin imani, kuma ta yi bayanin kafirci; ta yi bayanin adalci, ta kuma yi bayanin zalunci; | Despite the wealth of knowledge and power that God has given him, he has entered the corners of the world with his power, but the Surah comes with examples of some things that are opposite to each other. It has explained the good and the bad; it explains faith and disbelief; it explains justice and injustice; |
8 |
haka kuma ta yi bayanin waɗanda suka yi imani, Allah kuma ya kara musu shiriya, da kuma waɗanda suka kafirce wa Allah. Wannan duka don ta dora mutum a kan tarbiyyar da za ta sanya shi ya ci jarrabawar da Allah ya shirya masa. | It also explained those who believed, and God guided them, and those who disbelieved in God. All this is to put a person on the disciplined path that will make him pass the test that God has prepared for him. |