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bbchausa verticals/069 writing about pain
From HausaDictionary.com | Hausa English Translations
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#:
The
puzzling
way
that
writing
heals
the
body
[1]
<>
Ka
san
rubutu
na
sa
ciwo
saurin
warkewa
?
[2]
#:
Can
writing
about
pain
and
secret
feelings
really
help
boost
your
body
’
s
immune
system
?
[3]
<>
Shin
idan
mutum
ya
yi
rubutu
a
kan
wani
rashin
lafiya
ko
wani
rauni
ko
matsala
da
ke
damunsa
,
hakan
zai
iya
taimaka
masa
ya
samu
sauki
?
[4]
#:
BBC
Future
investigates
.
[5]
<>
BBC
ta
gudanar
da
bincike
a
kan
hakan
.
[6]
#:
N
/
A
[7]
<>
Ga
abin
da
Claudia
Hammond
ta
gano
.
[8]
#:
In
1986
the
psychology
professor
James
Pennebaker
discovered
something
extraordinary
,
[9]
<>
A
shekarar
1986
James
Pennebaker
,
farfesa
a
fannin
tunanin
dan
adam
ya
gano
wani
gagarumin
abu
a
fannin
ilimi
,
[10]
#:
something
which
would
inspire
a
generation
of
researchers
to
conduct
several
hundred
studies
.
[11]
<>
wanda
zai
iya
tayar
da
masu
bincike
na
nan
gaba
tsaye
domin
su
gudanar
da
daruruwan
nazari
ko
bincike
.
[12]
#:
He
asked
students
to
spend
15
minutes
writing
about
the
biggest
trauma
of
their
lives
[13]
<>
Malamin
ya
bukaci
dalibansa
su
dauki
minti
15
suna
rubutu
a
kan
babban
raunin
da
suka
taba
ji
,
[14]
#:
or
,
if
they
hadn
’
t
experienced
a
trauma
,
their
most
difficult
time
.
[15]
<>
in
kuma
ba
su
da
wannan
,
to
su
yi
rubutu
a
kan
mawuyacin
halin
da
suka
taba
shiga
.
[16]
#:
They
were
told
to
let
go
and
to
include
their
deepest
thoughts
,
[17]
<>
An
bukace
su
da
su
saki
jiki
su
rubutu
komai
,
[18]
#:
even
if
they
had
never
shared
these
thoughts
before
.
[19]
<>
dangane
da
lamarin
ko
da
kuwa
ba
su
taba
fada
wa
kowa
abin
ba
a
baya
.
[20]
#:
Four
days
running
they
did
the
same
thing
.
It
wasn
’
t
easy
.
[21]
<>
Haka
farfesa
ya
sa
su
suka
rika
yi
tsawon
kwana
hudu
suna
yin
abu
daya
.
Wannan
ba
abu
ne
mai
sauki
ba
.
[22]
#:
Pennebaker
told
me
that
roughly
one
in
20
students
[23]
<>
Pennebaker
ya
gaya
min
cewa
kusan
dalibai
20
[24]
#:
would
end
up
crying
,
[25]
<>
sukan
karke
da
kuka
idan
suna
rubutun
saboda
tunanin
abin
da
ya
faru
da
su
,
[26]
#:
but
when
asked
whether
they
wanted
to
continue
they
always
did
.
[27]
<>
amma
kuma
idan
an
tambaye
su
ko
za
su
iya
ci
gaba
da
rubutun
,
a
ko
da
yaushe
suna
ci
gaba
da
rubutun
.
[28]
#:
Meanwhile
a
control
group
spent
the
same
number
of
sessions
writing
a
description
of
[29]
<>
A
daya
bangaren
kuma
sai
aka
ware
wasu
daliban
aka
sa
su
su
yi
rubutu
a
kan
wani
abin
na
daban
,
[30]
#:
something
neutral
such
a
tree
or
their
dorm
room
.
[31]
<>
ba
mai
tayar
da
hankali
ba
,
kamar
wata
bishiya
ko
dakin
kwanansu
na
makaranta
.
[32]
#:
Then
he
waited
for
six
months
while
monitoring
how
often
the
students
visited
the
health
centre
.
[33]
<>
Daga
nan
sai
malamin
jami'ar
ya
jira
wata
shida
yana
sa
ido
kan
yadda
daliban
suke
zuwa
asibiti
(
sau
nawa
suke
zuwa
).
[34]
#:
The
day
he
saw
the
results
,
[35]
<>
Ranar
da
ya
ga
sakamakon
,
[36]
#:
he
left
the
lab
,
[37]
<>
daga
nan
ya
fita
daga
dakin
binciken
,
[38]
#:
walked
to
his
friend
who
was
waiting
for
him
in
a
car
and
told
him
he
’
d
found
something
big
.
[39]
<>
ya
je
wurin
wani
abokinsa
da
yake
jiransa
a
cikin
mota
ya
gaya
masa
babban
abin
da
ya
gano
.
[40]
#:
Remarkably
,
the
students
who
had
written
about
their
secret
feelings
[41]
<>
Abin
da
ya
gano
shi
ne
,
daliban
da
suka
yi
rubutu
a
kan
wannan
sirri
nasu
,
na
abin
da
yake
damunsu
a
rai
,
[42]
#:
had
made
significantly
fewer
trips
to
the
doctor
in
the
subsequent
months
.
[43]
<>
sun
rage
zuwa
wurin
likita
a
cikin
watannin
da
suka
biyo
baya
.
[44]
#:
Ever
since
,
the
field
psychoneuroimmunology
has
been
exploring
the
link
between
what
’
s
now
known
as
expressive
writing
,
[45]
<>
Tun
daga
wannan
lokacin
ne
aka
fara
zurfafa
nazari
a
kan
alakar
abin
da
a
yanzu
aka
bayyana
rubutun
bayyana
halin
da
mutum
yake
ciki
,
[46]
#:
and
the
functioning
of
the
immune
system
.
[47]
<>
da
kuma
garkuwar
jiki
.
[48]
#:
The
studies
that
followed
[49]
<>
Nazarce
-
nazarcen
da
suka
biyo
baya
,
[50]
#:
examined
the
effect
of
expressive
writing
on
everything
[51]
<>
sun
duba
irin
tasirin
da
irin
wannan
rubutu
ke
yi
a
kan
komai
[52]
#:
from
asthma
[53]
<>
kama
daga
cutar
matsalar
numfashi
(
asthma
),
[54]
#:
and
arthritis
to
breast
cancer
[55]
<>
zuwa
cutar
daji
ta
nono
,
[56]
#:
and
migraines
.
[57]
<>
zuwa
ciwon
kai
na
bari
daya
da
sauransu
.
[58]
#:
In
a
small
study
conducted
in
Kansas
,
for
example
,
[59]
<>
A
wani
dan
karamin
nazari
da
aka
yi
a
Kansas
,
[60]
#:
it
was
found
that
women
with
breast
cancer
experienced
fewer
troublesome
symptoms
and
went
for
fewer
cancer
-
related
appointments
in
the
months
[61]
<>
an
gano
cewa
mata
masu
cutar
daji
ta
mama
sun
rage
zuwa
wajen
likita
saboda
larurarsu
ta
ragu
ta
cutar
watanni
,
[62]
#:
after
doing
expressive
writing
.
[63]
<>
bayan
da
suka
yi
irin
wannan
rubutu
na
bayyana
abin
da
ke
damunsu
.
[64]
#:
But
it
doesn
’
t
always
work
.
A
meta
-
analysis
by
Joanne
Fratarolli
from
the
University
of
California
Riverside
does
demonstrate
an
effect
overall
,
but
a
small
one
.
Nevertheless
,
for
an
intervention
that
is
free
and
beneficial
,
that
’
s
a
benefit
worth
having
.
Some
studies
have
had
disappointing
results
,
but
there
is
one
area
where
the
findings
are
more
consistent
and
that
is
in
the
healing
of
wounds
.
[65]
<>
Ko
da
yake
ba
a
ko
da
yaushe
ba
ne
wannan
sakamako
yake
kasancewa
,
amma
dai
a
mafi
yawan
lokaci
yana
tabbata
musamman
a
kan
abin
da
ya
shafi
warkewar
rauni
.
[66]
#:
What
does
the
act
of
committing
words
to
paper
do
?
[67]
<>
To
me
zai
sa
a
ce
rubutu
kawai
a
takarda
zai
sa
mutum
ya
samu
saukin
rauni
ko
abin
da
yake
damunsa
?
[68]
#:
Initially
it
was
assumed
this
simply
happened
through
catharsis
,
that
people
felt
better
because
they
’
d
let
out
their
pent
-
up
feelings
.
[69]
<>
Da
farko
an
dauka
irin
abun
nan
ne
na
cewa
idan
mutum
ya
furta
damuwarsa
sai
wannan
damuwar
ta
ragu
,
kamar
wanda
wani
abu
ya
dame
shi
yake
kuka
,
idan
ya
yi
wannan
kuka
sai
damuwar
ta
ragu
ko
ma
ya
samu
waraka
.
[70]
#:
But
then
Pennebaker
began
looking
in
detail
at
the
language
people
used
in
their
writing
.
[71]
<>
To
amma
sai
Pennebaker
ya
fara
da
nazarin
irin
kalmomin
da
mutane
suke
amfani
da
su
a
rubutun
nasu
.
[72]
#:
He
found
that
the
types
of
words
people
used
[73]
<>
Malamin
ya
gano
cewa
irin
kalmomin
da
mutane
suke
amfani
da
su
,
[74]
#:
changed
over
the
course
of
the
four
sessions
.
[75]
<>
sun
sauya
a
cikin
lokutan
nan
hudu
da
suka
rika
yin
rubutun
,
su
yi
su
kara
yi
.
[76]
#:
Those
whose
wounds
healed
the
fastest
began
by
using
the
word
“
I
”
a
lot
,
[77]
<>
Wadanda
ciwon
nasu
ya
yi
saurin
warkewa
sun
fara
amfani
da
kalmar
Ni
da
yawa
,
[78]
#:
but
in
later
sessions
moved
on
to
saying
“
he
”
or
“
she
”
more
often
,
[79]
<>
amma
a
zagaye
na
gaba
sai
suka
koma
amfani
da
kalmar
shi
ko
ita
[80]
#:
suggesting
they
were
looking
at
the
event
from
other
perspectives
.
[81]
<>
abin
da
ke
nuna
suna
kallon
matsalar
daga
wani
bangare
.
[82]
#:
They
also
used
words
like
“
because
”,
implying
they
were
making
sense
of
the
events
and
putting
them
into
a
narrative
.
[83]
<>
Haka
kuma
sun
rika
amfani
da
kalmomi
kamar
saboda
abin
da
ke
nuna
sun
fara
fahimtar
abin
da
ke
nufin
sun
fara
ankara
da
abin
da
suke
yi
,
saboda
haka
sai
suke
gabatar
da
shi
kamar
a
matsayin
labari
.
[84]
#:
So
Pennebaker
believes
that
the
simple
act
of
labelling
your
feelings
and
putting
them
into
a
story
[85]
<>
Daga
nan
ne
sai
Pennebaker
ya
fahimci
cewa
kawai
rubuta
abin
da
ke
damunka
kamar
kana
bayar
da
labari
,
[86]
#:
is
somehow
affecting
the
immune
system
.
[87]
<>
hakan
yana
tasiri
a
garkuwar
jikinka
.
[88]
#:
After
the
first
day
of
writing
most
people
say
that
churning
up
the
past
has
made
them
feel
worse
.
[89]
<>
Bayan
ranar
farko
ta
rubutun
yawancin
mutane
sun
ce
tuno
musu
baya
ya
sa
sun
ma
fi
jin
zafin
abin
fiye
da
yadda
suka
ji
da
farko
.
[90]
#:
Does
the
stress
cause
people
to
release
stress
hormones
such
as
cortisol
,
[91]
<>
To
wannan
damuwa
na
sa
jikin
mutum
ya
rika
samar
da
kwayoyin
halitta
na
yaye
damuwa
ta
dan
lokaci
kenan
,
[92]
#:
which
are
beneficial
in
the
short
-
term
and
could
enhance
the
immune
system
?
[93]
<>
wanda
hakan
kenan
yake
kara
karfafa
garkuwar
jikin
?
[94]
#:
Or
is
it
the
improvement
in
mood
after
several
days
of
writing
that
brings
the
benefits
for
immunity
?
[95]
<>
Ko
kuma
samun
sauki
ko
raguwar
damuwar
ne
bayan
rubutun
na
kwanaki
hakan
ke
kawo
wa
mutum
amfanin
garkuwar
jiki
?
[96]
#:
So
far
,
no
one
knows
.
[97]
<>
Ya
zuwa
yanzu
dai
ba
wanda
ya
san
komai
a
kai
.
[98]
#:
The
writing
could
work
after
you're
wounded
[99]
<>
Rubutun
zai
iya
tasiri
bayan
an
ji
maka
raunin
,
[100]
#:
-
such
as
when
you're
healing
after
surgery
[101]
<>
kamar
bayan
an
yi
maka
tiyata
[102]
#:
But
now
new
research
from
New
Zealand
suggests
it
’
s
not
essential
to
do
the
writing
before
you
are
wounded
.
[103]
<>
Yanzu
kuma
wani
sabon
bincike
da
aka
yi
a
New
Zealand
ya
nuna
cewa
ba
lalle
ba
ne
ka
yi
rubutun
kafin
ka
ji
raunin
.
[104]
#:
It
can
work
just
as
well
if
you
do
the
writing
afterwards
.
[105]
<>
Ko
da
daga
baya
ne
ka
yi
rubutun
tsarin
zai
yi
aiki
.
[106]
#:
This
opens
up
the
possibility
of
using
expressive
writing
not
just
when
surgery
is
planned
,
[107]
<>
Wannan
na
nufin
kenan
mai
yuwuwa
wannan
rubutu
da
kake
yi
kan
abin
da
ke
damunka
,
ba
wai
sai
kawai
za
a
yi
maka
tiyata
ba
,
[108]
#:
but
for
real
-
life
injuries
which
of
course
we
can
’
t
predict
.
[109]
<>
ko
da
a
rauni
da
mutum
kan
iya
ji
na
yau
da
kullum
zai
iya
yin
aiki
,
wato
dai
mutum
zai
ji
sauki
da
wuri
.
[110]
Last modified
18 August 2017
Contents
Back to top
Contents
1
#:
The puzzling way that writing heals the body [1] <> Ka san rubutu na sa ciwo saurin warkewa? [2]
2
#:
Can writing about pain and secret feelings really help boost your body’s immune system? [3] <> Shin idan mutum ya yi rubutu a kan wani rashin lafiya ko wani rauni ko matsala da ke damunsa, hakan zai iya taimaka masa ya samu sauki? [4]
3
#:
BBC Future investigates. [5] <> BBC ta gudanar da bincike a kan hakan. [6]
4
#:
N/A [7] <> Ga abin da Claudia Hammond ta gano. [8]
5
#:
In 1986 the psychology professor James Pennebaker discovered something extraordinary, [9] <> A shekarar 1986 James Pennebaker, farfesa a fannin tunanin dan adam ya gano wani gagarumin abu a fannin ilimi, [10]
6
#:
something which would inspire a generation of researchers to conduct several hundred studies. [11] <> wanda zai iya tayar da masu bincike na nan gaba tsaye domin su gudanar da daruruwan nazari ko bincike. [12]
7
#:
He asked students to spend 15 minutes writing about the biggest trauma of their lives [13] <> Malamin ya bukaci dalibansa su dauki minti 15 suna rubutu a kan babban raunin da suka taba ji, [14]
8
#:
or, if they hadn’t experienced a trauma, their most difficult time. [15] <> in kuma ba su da wannan, to su yi rubutu a kan mawuyacin halin da suka taba shiga. [16]
9
#:
They were told to let go and to include their deepest thoughts, [17] <> An bukace su da su saki jiki su rubutu komai, [18]
10
#:
even if they had never shared these thoughts before. [19] <> dangane da lamarin ko da kuwa ba su taba fada wa kowa abin ba a baya. [20]
11
#:
Four days running they did the same thing. It wasn’t easy. [21] <> Haka farfesa ya sa su suka rika yi tsawon kwana hudu suna yin abu daya. Wannan ba abu ne mai sauki ba. [22]
12
#:
Pennebaker told me that roughly one in 20 students [23] <> Pennebaker ya gaya min cewa kusan dalibai 20 [24]
13
#:
would end up crying, [25] <> sukan karke da kuka idan suna rubutun saboda tunanin abin da ya faru da su, [26]
14
#:
but when asked whether they wanted to continue they always did. [27] <> amma kuma idan an tambaye su ko za su iya ci gaba da rubutun, a ko da yaushe suna ci gaba da rubutun. [28]
15
#:
Meanwhile a control group spent the same number of sessions writing a description of [29] <> A daya bangaren kuma sai aka ware wasu daliban aka sa su su yi rubutu a kan wani abin na daban, [30]
16
#:
something neutral such a tree or their dorm room. [31] <> ba mai tayar da hankali ba, kamar wata bishiya ko dakin kwanansu na makaranta. [32]
17
#:
Then he waited for six months while monitoring how often the students visited the health centre. [33] <> Daga nan sai malamin jami'ar ya jira wata shida yana sa ido kan yadda daliban suke zuwa asibiti (sau nawa suke zuwa). [34]
18
#:
The day he saw the results, [35] <> Ranar da ya ga sakamakon, [36]
19
#:
he left the lab, [37] <> daga nan ya fita daga dakin binciken, [38]
20
#:
walked to his friend who was waiting for him in a car and told him he’d found something big. [39] <> ya je wurin wani abokinsa da yake jiransa a cikin mota ya gaya masa babban abin da ya gano. [40]
21
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Remarkably, the students who had written about their secret feelings [41] <> Abin da ya gano shi ne, daliban da suka yi rubutu a kan wannan sirri nasu, na abin da yake damunsu a rai, [42]
22
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had made significantly fewer trips to the doctor in the subsequent months. [43] <> sun rage zuwa wurin likita a cikin watannin da suka biyo baya. [44]
23
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Ever since, the field psychoneuroimmunology has been exploring the link between what’s now known as expressive writing, [45] <> Tun daga wannan lokacin ne aka fara zurfafa nazari a kan alakar abin da a yanzu aka bayyana rubutun bayyana halin da mutum yake ciki, [46]
24
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and the functioning of the immune system. [47] <> da kuma garkuwar jiki. [48]
25
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The studies that followed [49] <> Nazarce-nazarcen da suka biyo baya, [50]
26
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examined the effect of expressive writing on everything [51] <> sun duba irin tasirin da irin wannan rubutu ke yi a kan komai [52]
27
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from asthma [53] <> kama daga cutar matsalar numfashi (asthma), [54]
28
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and arthritis to breast cancer [55] <> zuwa cutar daji ta nono, [56]
29
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and migraines. [57] <> zuwa ciwon kai na bari daya da sauransu. [58]
30
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In a small study conducted in Kansas, for example, [59] <> A wani dan karamin nazari da aka yi a Kansas, [60]
31
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it was found that women with breast cancer experienced fewer troublesome symptoms and went for fewer cancer-related appointments in the months [61] <> an gano cewa mata masu cutar daji ta mama sun rage zuwa wajen likita saboda larurarsu ta ragu ta cutar watanni, [62]
32
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after doing expressive writing. [63] <> bayan da suka yi irin wannan rubutu na bayyana abin da ke damunsu. [64]
33
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But it doesn’t always work. A meta-analysis by Joanne Fratarolli from the University of California Riverside does demonstrate an effect overall, but a small one. Nevertheless, for an intervention that is free and beneficial, that’s a benefit worth having. Some studies have had disappointing results, but there is one area where the findings are more consistent and that is in the healing of wounds. [65] <> Ko da yake ba a ko da yaushe ba ne wannan sakamako yake kasancewa, amma dai a mafi yawan lokaci yana tabbata musamman a kan abin da ya shafi warkewar rauni. [66]
34
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What does the act of committing words to paper do? [67] <> To me zai sa a ce rubutu kawai a takarda zai sa mutum ya samu saukin rauni ko abin da yake damunsa? [68]
35
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Initially it was assumed this simply happened through catharsis, that people felt better because they’d let out their pent-up feelings. [69] <> Da farko an dauka irin abun nan ne na cewa idan mutum ya furta damuwarsa sai wannan damuwar ta ragu, kamar wanda wani abu ya dame shi yake kuka, idan ya yi wannan kuka sai damuwar ta ragu ko ma ya samu waraka. [70]
36
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But then Pennebaker began looking in detail at the language people used in their writing. [71] <> To amma sai Pennebaker ya fara da nazarin irin kalmomin da mutane suke amfani da su a rubutun nasu. [72]
37
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He found that the types of words people used [73] <> Malamin ya gano cewa irin kalmomin da mutane suke amfani da su, [74]
38
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changed over the course of the four sessions. [75] <> sun sauya a cikin lokutan nan hudu da suka rika yin rubutun, su yi su kara yi. [76]
39
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Those whose wounds healed the fastest began by using the word “I” a lot, [77] <> Wadanda ciwon nasu ya yi saurin warkewa sun fara amfani da kalmar
Ni
da yawa, [78]
40
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but in later sessions moved on to saying “he” or “she” more often, [79] <> amma a zagaye na gaba sai suka koma amfani da kalmar
shi
ko
ita
[80]
41
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suggesting they were looking at the event from other perspectives. [81] <> abin da ke nuna suna kallon matsalar daga wani bangare. [82]
42
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They also used words like “because”, implying they were making sense of the events and putting them into a narrative. [83] <> Haka kuma sun rika amfani da kalmomi kamar
saboda
abin da ke nuna sun fara fahimtar abin da ke nufin sun fara ankara da abin da suke yi, saboda haka sai suke gabatar da shi kamar a matsayin labari. [84]
43
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So Pennebaker believes that the simple act of labelling your feelings and putting them into a story [85] <> Daga nan ne sai Pennebaker ya fahimci cewa kawai rubuta abin da ke damunka kamar kana bayar da labari, [86]
44
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is somehow affecting the immune system. [87] <> hakan yana tasiri a garkuwar jikinka. [88]
45
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After the first day of writing most people say that churning up the past has made them feel worse. [89] <> Bayan ranar farko ta rubutun yawancin mutane sun ce tuno musu baya ya sa sun ma fi jin zafin abin fiye da yadda suka ji da farko. [90]
46
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Does the stress cause people to release stress hormones such as cortisol, [91] <> To wannan damuwa na sa jikin mutum ya rika samar da kwayoyin halitta na yaye damuwa ta dan lokaci kenan, [92]
47
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which are beneficial in the short-term and could enhance the immune system? [93] <> wanda hakan kenan yake kara karfafa garkuwar jikin? [94]
48
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Or is it the improvement in mood after several days of writing that brings the benefits for immunity? [95] <> Ko kuma samun sauki ko raguwar damuwar ne bayan rubutun na kwanaki hakan ke kawo wa mutum amfanin garkuwar jiki? [96]
49
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So far, no one knows. [97] <> Ya zuwa yanzu dai ba wanda ya san komai a kai. [98]
50
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The writing could work after you're wounded [99] <> Rubutun zai iya tasiri bayan an ji maka raunin, [100]
51
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- such as when you're healing after surgery [101] <> kamar bayan an yi maka tiyata [102]
52
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But now new research from New Zealand suggests it’s not essential to do the writing before you are wounded. [103] <> Yanzu kuma wani sabon bincike da aka yi a New Zealand ya nuna cewa ba lalle ba ne ka yi rubutun kafin ka ji raunin. [104]
53
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It can work just as well if you do the writing afterwards. [105] <> Ko da daga baya ne ka yi rubutun tsarin zai yi aiki. [106]
54
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This opens up the possibility of using expressive writing not just when surgery is planned, [107] <> Wannan na nufin kenan mai yuwuwa wannan rubutu da kake yi kan abin da ke damunka, ba wai sai kawai za a yi maka tiyata ba, [108]
55
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but for real-life injuries which of course we can’t predict. [109] <> ko da a rauni da mutum kan iya ji na yau da kullum zai iya yin aiki, wato dai mutum zai ji sauki da wuri. [110]