bbchausa verticals/067 learn 30 languages

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#: How to learn 30 languages [1] <> Yadda za ka koyi harasa 30 [2]

#: Some people can speak a seemingly impossible number of tongues. [3] <> Wasu mutanen suna magana da yarukan da idan ka ji sai sha mamaki. [4]

#: How do they manage it, [5] <> Ta ya suke iya yin hakan? [6]

#: asks David Robson, and what can we learn from them? [7] <> Tambayar ke nan da David Rabson ya yi. [8]

#: Out on a sunny Berlin balcony, Tim Keeley and Daniel Krasa are firing words like bullets at each other. [9] <> Tim Keeley da Daniel Krasa na zaune a wata baranda a birnin Berlin, babu abinda suke sai musayar kalamai cikin harasa daban daban. [10]

#: First German, [11] <> Da farko suna magana da Jamusanci, [12]

#: then Hindi, [13] <> sai suka juya Indiyanci, [14]

#: Nepali, [15] <> sai harshen Nepal, [16]

#: Polish, Croatian, Mandarin and Thai – they’ve barely spoken one language before the conversation seamlessly melds into another. [17] <> sai yaren Poland, sai na Crotia, haka dai suka ringa yi daga wannan yare su koma wannan, [18]

#: Together, they pass through about 20 different languages or so in total. [19] <> har sai da suka yi magana da yaruka sama da 20. [20]

#: Back inside, [21] <> A can cikin ɗaki kuma, [22]

#: I find small groups exchanging tongue twisters. [23] <> wasu mutane ne ke zaurace a harsuna daban-daban. [24]

#: It looks like the perfect recipe for a headache, but they are nonchalant. [25] <> Lamari ne dai mai daure kai. To sai dai fa su a nutse suke. [26]

#: “It’s quite a common situation for us,” [27] <> Mu wannan ai abu ne mai sauki a wajen mu". [28]

#: a woman called Alisa tells me. [29] <> A cewar Alisa wata mata dake cikin mutanen. [30]

#: It can be difficult enough to learn one foreign tongue. [31] <> Koyar wani harshe zai iya zama abu mai wahala. [32]

#: Yet I’m here in Berlin for the Polyglot Gathering, a meeting of 350 or so people who speak multiple languages – some as diverse as Manx, Klingon and Saami, the language of reindeer herders in Scandinavia. [33] <> Duk da haka dai na je Berlin ne dan wani taro na waɗanda suka iya harasa da dama. [34]

#: Indeed, a surprising proportion of them are “hyperglots”, like Keeley and Krasa, who can speak at least 10 languages. [35] <> Wasunsu ka iya ce musu 'yan baiwa, domin suna iya magana da harasa sama da goma. [36]

#: One of the most proficient linguists I meet here, [37] <> Ɗaya daga mutanen da na haɗu da su shi ne wani gangaran mai suna Richard Simcott, [38]

#: Richard Simcott, leads a team of polyglots at a company called eModeration – [39] <> wanda ya ke jagorantar wani kamfani na kwararru a harasa da dama da ake kira eModeration. [40]

#: and he uses about 30 languages himself. [41] <> Shi kaɗai yana jin yare kimanin 30. [42]

#: With a modest knowledge of Italian and some rudimentary Danish, [43] <> Idan ka yi la'akari da kwakwalwa, [44]

#: I feel somewhat out of place among the hyperglots. But they say you should learn from the best, so I am here to try to discover their secrets. [45] <> za ka ga cewa babu mamaki yadda da daman mu kan sha wahala wajen koyan wasu harasan. [46]

#: We have many different memory systems, and mastering a different tongue requires all of them. [47] <> Muna da banbanci wajen yadda muke haddace abubuwa. [48]

#: When you consider the challenges for the brain, it’s no wonder most of us find learning a language so demanding. There’s procedural memory – the fine programming of muscles to perfect an accent – and declarative memory, which is the ability to remember facts (at least 10,000 new words if you want to come close to native fluency, not to mention the grammar). [49] <> Idan har kana so ka naƙalci ko wane irin yare, to dole ka haddace aƙalla kalmomi dubu goma. [50]

#: What’s more, unless you want to sound like a stuttering robot, those words and structures have to make it to the tip of your tongue within a split second, meaning they have to be programmed in both “explicit” and “implicit” memory. [51] <> Hakan dai ba ya na nufin ka naƙalci nahawun harshen ba. Dole ne ya kasance wadannan kamlmomi za su iya zuwa kan harshen mutum cikin gaggawa a duk lokacin da yake magana, ba tare da wani jinkiri ba. [52]

#: Speaking extra languages delays dementia by five years or more [53] <> Yin magana da wani harshen yana jinkirta matsalar komabaya da ƙwaƙwalwa ke samu da shekaru biyar ko ma sama da haka. [54]

#: That tough mental workout comes with big payoffs, however; it is arguably the best brain training you can try. Numerous studies have shown that being multilingual can improve attention and memory, and that this can provide a “cognitive reserve” that delays the onset of dementia. Looking at the experiences of immigrants, [55] <> Bincike da aka gudanar daban daban ya nuna cewa yin magana da wasu yarukan na inganta saurin faɗaka da kuma hadda. [56]

#: Ellen Bialystok at York University in Canada [57] <> Ellen Bialystok na jami'ar York a Canada ya yi wani nazari, [58]

#: has found that speaking two languages [59] <> inda ya gano cewa idan mutum ya iya harsuna uku, [60]

#: delayed dementia diagnosis by five years. Those who knew three languages, however, were diagnosed 6.4 years later than monolinguals, [61] <> yana samun jinkirin mastalar ƙwaƙwalwa da shekaru huɗu zuwa shida, wanda ya iya yaruka huɗu kuma zai samu jinkiri da [62]

#: Learning a new language as we age is easier than you might assume [63] <> Koyon sabon harshe a lokcin da mutum ya ke ƙara manyanta ya fi sauƙi fiye da yadda muke zato. [64]

#: Until recently, however, many neuroscientists had suggested that most of us are too old to reach native-like fluency in a fresh language; [65] <> A da masana na cewa mun yi girman da ba za mu iya koyon wani sabon yare ba, kuma mu yi magana da shi sosai. [66]

#: according to the “critical period hypothesis”, [67] <> Akwai wasu nazarce nazarce da suke nuna cewa [68]

#: there is a narrow window during childhood in which we can pick up the nuances of a new language. [69] <> yara ba sa iya saurin karya harshen su a wani yaren da suka koya kamar yadda manya ke yi. [70]

#: Yet Bialystok’s research suggests this may have been exaggerated; [71] <> To sai dai binciken da Bialystok ta yi ya nuna cewa wannan zulaƙe ne, [72]

#: rather than a steep precipice, she has found that there is a very slight decline in our abilities as we age. [73] <> ita ta gano cewa idan shekarun mutum suna ƙara yawa, ikon sa na koyar sabbin abubuwa na daƙushewa. [74]

#: Certainly, many of the hyperglots I meet in Berlin have mastered languages later in life. [75] <> To sai dai fa ni duka wadanda na haɗu da su a Berlin da suka iya yaruka da dama sun koya ne bayan sun girma. [76]

#: Keeley grew up in Florida, [77] <> Keenly ya taso ne a Florida, [78]

#: where he was exposed to native Spanish speakers at school. [79] <> inda ya hadu da Spaniyawa a makaranta. [80]

#: As a child, he used to tune into foreign radio stations – [81] <> A lokacin da yake yaro, yana kamo gidajen radiyon kasashen waje, - [82]

#: despite not being able to understand a word. [83] <> duk kuwa da cewa ba ya iya fahimtar ko da kalma ɗaya. [84]

#: “It was like music to me,” he says. [85] <> A cewar sa, yarukan tamkar waka ce. [86]

#: But it was only as an adult that he started travelling the world – [87] <> Sai da ya girma ne ya fara yawo a duniya, [88]

#: first to Colombia, [89] <> inda ya fara zuwa Colombia, [90]

#: where he also studied French, [91] <> ya koyi Faransanci, [92]

#: German and Portuguese at college. [93] <> da Jamusanci da yaren Portugal a makaranta. [94]

#: He then moved on to Switzerland and Eastern Europe before heading to Japan. [95] <> Sannan kuma ya koma Switzerland da gabashin turai, daga nan kuma sai Japan. [96]

#: He now speaks at least 20 languages fluently, [97] <> A yanzu yana maganan da harasa 20 ba gargada, [98]

#: almost all of which were learnt as an adult. [99] <> kuma kusan dukkanin su ya koye su ne bayan ya girma. [100]

#: The question is, how do hyperglots master so many new tongues – [101] <> Abin tambaya a yanzu shi ne ta ya irin waɗannan mutane ke iya sarrafa harasansu zuwa yaruka da dama? Kuma ko za mu iya kwaikwayon su? [102]

#: and could the rest of us try to emulate them? [103] <> Babu abinda zai hana. [104]

#: True, they may just be more motivated than most. [105] <> Kawai dai wataƙila waɗannan mutanen da muka sani sun fi wasu himma ne. [106]

#: Many, like Keeley, are globe-trotters who have moved from country to country, picking up languages as they go. [107] <> To amma fa a wajen mutanen ba wai lallai sai mutum ya zama ɗan baiwa ba kafin ya koyi wasu yarukan. [108]

#: Psychologists have long known that [109] <> Masana halayyar ɗan adam tun daɗewa sun bayyana cewa [110]

#: the words we speak are entwined with our identity. [111] <> kalmomin da muke furtawa suna da alakƙa da nuna ko mu su waye. [112]

#: Importantly, various studies have found that multilingual people often adopt different behaviours according to the language they are speaking. [113] <> Kuma kowane harshe na da alaƙa da al'adu da ke shafar yadda mu ke mu'amalolin mu. [114]

#: Different languages can also evoke different memories of your life – [115] <> Harasa daban daban na iya tunawa mutum abubuwa daban daban na rayuwar sa, [116]

#: as the writer Vladimir Nabokov discovered when working on his autobiography. [117] <> kamar yadda wani marubuci na Rasha Vladmir Nabokov ya gano lokacin da yake rubuta tarihin sa. [118]

#: The native Russian speaker wrote it first in his second language, English, [119] <> Da farko dai ya yi rubutun ne a harshen sa na biyu wato Inglishi, [120]

#: with agonising difficulty, finding that “my memory was attuned to one key – the musically reticent Russian, but it was forced into another key, English”. [121] <> wanda kuma ya yi shi da gumin goshi. [122]

#: Once it was finally published, he decided to translate the memoirs back into the language of his childhood, [123] <> Lokacin da aka buga littafin ya yi tunanin fassara shi zuwa harshen sa na yarinta. [124]

#: but as the Russian words flowed, [125] <> To sai dai yayin da ya fara amfani da kalmomin Rashanci [126]

#: he found his memories started to unfurl with new details and perspectives. [127] <> sai wasu sababbin abubuwa suka ringa shiga cikin rubutun. [128]

#: It was almost as if his English and Russian selves had subtly different pasts. [129] <> Kuma a nan ya ga cewa akwai buƙatar ya sake fassara su zuwa Ingilishi. [130]

#: Resisting the process of reinvention may prevent you from learning another language so well, says Keeley. [131] <> A cewar Keeley ƙoƙarin da mutum ke yi na hana shigar da wasu al'adu za su iya hana shi koyon wasu sababbin harasan. [132]

#: He recently ran a survey [133] <> A baya bayannan ya gudanar da wani bincike [134]

#: of Chinese speakers learning Japanese [135] <> kan masu magana da Sinanci da ke koyon harshen mutanen Japan [136]

#: to examine their “ego permeability” – [137] <> dan gano yadda wasu al'adu ke shiga cikin wasu. [138]

#: with questions such as [139] <> Ya nemi ra'ayin mutanen kan wasu tambayoyi da ya tsara kamar, [140]

#: “I find it easy to put myself in other’s shoes and imagine how they feel” [141] <> "Ina kokarin kwikwayar mutanen da ke kusa da ni dan gano irin yadda suke ji", [142]

#: or “I can do impressions of other people”, [143] <> " Zan iya burge wasu mutanen" [144]

#: and whether you can change your opinions [145] <> da kuma tambayar cewa "ko za ka iya sauya ra'ayin ka [146]

#: to suit the people you are near. [147] <> dan dacewa da na mutanen da kake tare da su? [148]

#: As he suspected, the people who score highly on these traits had much greater fluency in their new language. [149] <> Sakamakon binciken ya gano masa cewa, mafi yawan mutanen da suka bada amsar 'eh' a kan wadannan tambayoyin sun naƙalci sababbin harasan da suka koya. [150]

#: It’s well known that if you identify with someone, [151] <> A zahiri take cewa idan ka rabu da wasu mutanen, [152]

#: you are more likely to mimic them – [153] <> akwai yiwuwar cewa za ka kwaikwaye su, [154]

#: a process that would effortlessly improve language learning. [155] <> kuma hakan wani mataki ne da zai ƙarfafa koyan wani harshe. [156]

#: “There must be some type of home in your mind for each language and culture and the related experiences, [157] <> Masani Keeley na cewa dole ne mutum ya samar da wani ɓangare a kwakwalwar sa da zai ringa adana kowane harshe da al'adar sa da kuma abubuwan da ka koya dake tattare da harshen, [158]

#: in order for the languages to stay active and not get all mixed together,” Keeley says. [159] <> in har yana so ya ringa amfani da shi ba tuntube, ya kuma guji cuɗanya shi da wasu harasan . [160]

#: “It is not just the amount of time spent learning and using the languages. [161] <> "Ba wai tsawon lokacin da aka ɗauka ana koyon wani harshe shi ne yake da muhimmanci ba, [162]

#: The quality of the time, in terms of emotional salience, is critical.” [163] <> yadda aka yi amfani da lokacin na da matuƙar amfani". A cewar sa. [164]

#: Of all the polyglots, Michael Levi Harris may demonstrate these principles the best. [165] <> Wani abu mai muhimmanci a cewar Harris shi ne [166]

#: Importantly, Harris thinks that anyone can learn to adopt a new cultural skin in this way – and he has a few tips for how to begin, based on his experiences of acting. [167] <> kowa zai iya koyar yadda zai saje da wata ɗabi'a, kuma ya zama yana da 'yan wasu dabaru na yadda ya kamata ya fara. [168]

#: The important thing, he says, is to try to imitate [169] <> Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne mutum ya fara kwaikwayon yadda ake magana da harshen, [170]

#: without even considering the spelling of the words. [171] <> ba tare da ya damu da yadda ake haɗa harufan kalmomin ba. [172]

#: He also suggests looking carefully at things like facial expressions – since they can be crucial to producing the sounds. [173] <> Ya kuma bada shawarar cewa ya kamata mai koyar wasu harasa ya lura da yadda ake motsa baki yayin furta sauti, [174]

#: Speaking with slightly pouted lips instantly makes you sound a little bit more French, for instance. [175] <> hakan a cewar sa zai sa mutum ya furta harufan daidai. [176]

#: Finally, [177] <> Daga ƙarshe [178]

#: he says you should try to overcome the embarrassment associated with producing "strange" noises – such as the guttural sounds in Arabic, for instance. [179] <> ya ƙara da cewa dole ne mutum ya yi ƙoƙari ya kaucewa kunyata kansa wajen furta baƙin kalmomi kamar wasu kalmomi na larabci. [180]

#: “You have to realise it’s not foreign to us – when you are disgusted, you already say ‘eugh’. [181] <> Kada ka ringa ɗauka cewa ba yarenka ba ne, [182]

#: And if you acknowledge and give your subconscious permission to do it in speech, you can make the sound.” [183] <> dan haka kana iya furta shi duk yadda ka ga dama. [184]

#: That may sound a little silly, but the point is that all this should help you to get over your natural inhibitions. [185] <> Ya kamata ka ringa jin cewa wannan harshen naka ne, [186]

#: “It’s all to do with owning the language, which is what actors have to do to make the audience believe that these words are yours. [187] <> kamar yadda jarumi a finafinai yake ƙoƙarin gamsar da masu kallon sa cewa duk abin da yake yi da gaske ne, [188]

#: When you own words you can speak more confidently, [189] <> to haka kaima dole ka ringa furta kalmomin tare da ƙarfin gwiwa, [190]

#: which is how people will engage with you.” [191] <> ta haka ne mutane za su saki jiki su ringa magana da kai da harshen. [192]

#: Even so, [193] <> To amma fa duk da haka, [194]

#: most agree that you shouldn’t be too ambitious, [195] <> dole ne ka yarda cewa ba za ka iya zama kamar mai magana da harshen na asali ba, [196]

#: particularly when starting out. [197] <> musamman ma a lokacin da ka ke fara koyon harshen. [198]

#: “If there’s a single factor that stops people learning languages efficiently, [199] <> Idan akwai wani abu ɗaya da zai hana mutane koyon wani harshe kamar yadda ya kamata, [200]

#: it’s that we feel we have to be native-like – it’s an unreachable standard that looms over us,” says Temple University’s Pavlenko. “The ease of expression is what matters to me a lot – finding a better way to express myself, colloquially.” [201] <> bai wuce mutum ya ɗauka cewa sai ya yi magana da harshen kamar yadda masu shi ke yi ba. [202]

#: Along these lines, you should also practice a little and often – [203] <> Kuma dole ne ka ringa yin magana da harshen da ka koya a kai a kai ko da kuwa kaɗan-kaɗan ne – [204]

#: perhaps just for 15-minute stints, four times a day. “I think the analogies with exercise are quite good,” [205] <> ko da minti 15 sau huɗu a kullum -, [206]

#: says Alex Rawlings, who has developed a series of polyglot workshops with Richard Simcott to teach their techniques. [207] <> kamar yadda wani masani Alex Rawlings ya ce. [208]

#: Even if you are too busy or tired to do serious study, [209] <> Ya kara da cewa ko da ba ka da damar yin magana da harshen sabo da gajiya ko rashin samun abokin yin hira, [210]

#: just practising a dialogue or listening to a foreign pop song can help, says Simcott. [211] <> za ka iya sauraron gidajen radiyon da ke yaɗa shirye shirye da harshen, kuma jin waƙoƙi ma zai taimaka. [212]

#: In the UK, Australia and US, it is easy [213] <> A Birtaniya, da Australia da Amurka abu ne mai sauƙi [214]

#: to believe that we don’t need to make that effort. [215] <> ka ga mutum ya ce shi ba ruwan sa da yin wani yunƙurin koyon wani harshe. [216]

#: Indeed, before I met the hyperglots, [217] <> Ko nima gabanin haɗuwa da waɗanda suka ƙware wajen magana da harasuna daban-daban, [218]

#: I had wondered if their obsession merited the hard work; perhaps, I thought, it was just about bragging rights. [219] <> ina ganin ba lallai ne sai mutum ya ɓata lokacin sa wajen koyon wani harshe ba. [220]

#: Yet all of the hyperglots I meet are genuinely enthusiastic about the amazing benefits that can only be achieved by this full immersion in different languages – [221] <> To sai dai daga baya na gano cewa akwai alfanu mai yawa, [222]

#: including the chance to make friends and connections, even across difficult cultural barriers. [223] <> ciki har da yin abokai da suke magana da harshen. [224]

#: Harris, for instance, describes living in Dubai. [225] <> Alal misali, Harris ya bayyana zaman sa a Dubai – [226]

#: “As a Jewish person [227] <> a matsayin bayahude [228]

#: living in the Middle East, [229] <> da ke zaune a gabas ta tsakiya – [230]

#: I faced challenges. [231] <> da cewa zama ne da ya fuskanci ƙalubale. [232]

#: But it turns out that one of my best friends was from Lebanon,” he says. [233] <> To sai dai daga ƙarshe babban abokin sa ya kasance ɗan ƙasar Lebanon. [234]

#: “And when I moved away, [235] <> Kuma ya ce lokacin da za su rabu [236]

#: he said ‘when we first met I didn’t think I could be friends with you and now you’re leaving, [237] <> abokin na sa ya ce masa, da farko bai taɓa tsammanin za su zama abokai ba, [238]

#: I’m distraught’. [239] <> dan haka ba ya jin daɗin rabuwar da su yi. [240]

#: As Judith Meyer, who organised the gathering in Berlin, [241] <> Wacce ta shirya taron na Berlin Judith Meyer, [242]

#: tells me, she saw Ukrainians and Russians, Israelis and Palestinians all conversing at the gathering. [243] <> ta bayyana cewa, ta ga 'yan Ukrain da Rashawa, da Isra'ilawa, da Palasaɗinawa tare suna tattaunawa, [244]

#: “Learning another language really does open up whole new worlds.” [245] <> suna koyon sababbin harasa a wajen taron. Shi kuwa koyon wani yaren yana buɗe wata kofa ce ta sabuwar duniya. [246]

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