bbchausa verticals/074 how-it-feels-to-live-in-darkness

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#: What Freudian slips really reveal about your mind [1] <> Ko tuntuɓen harshe na da alaƙa da son yin jima'i? [2]

#: Do our verbal stumblings unveil our unconscious desires – or are they simply an innocent glitch in the brain’s workings? BBC Future investigates. [3] <> Shin ko tuntuɓen harshe na faruwa ne sakamakon rashin sanin abin da mutum zai fada ne ko kuma kawai dai wani abu ne daga kwakwalwar dan adam? Ga binciken da BBC ta yi a kan haka. [4]

#: It was 1988 and the then-vice president, George H. W. Bush, was on a routine visit to Idaho. [5] <> A shekarar 1988, a lokacin da mataimakin shugaban Amurka na lokacin, George H. W. Bush, ya kai ziyara jihar Idaho. [6]

#: He was supposed to give a dry speech on agricultural policy and praise his successes alongside President Reagan, live on television. [7] <> An kuma tsara cewa mista Bush zai gabatar da wani jawabi, kai tsaye ta gidan talbijin wanda ba a rubuta ba, a kan tsarin inganta sha'anin noma sannan kuma ya tattauna kan irin nasarorin da suka samu tare da shugaban kasar, Reagan. [8]

#: Then he said: “We’ve had triumphs. Made some mistakes. We’ve had some sex... uh... setbacks.” [9] <> A yayin jawabin wanda ba a rubuta ba Bush ya ce "Mun samu nasarori. Mun kuma yi wasu kura-kurai. Mun kuma yi jima'i da mata.....uh...." [10]

#: Long after his political career is consigned to distant memory, President George Bush Senior will be celebrated for this legendary gaffe. [11] <> Har yanzu ana tunawa da wannan tuntuben harshe kuma ana danganta tsohon shugaban kasar ta Amurka, George Bush wanda ɗa ne ga George W. H. Bush, da al'amarin. [12]

#: Ah, the Freudian slip. There are the things you want to say, the things you could get away with saying and the things it would be utterly disastrous to utter – which, invariably, are what actually comes out of your mouth. [13] <> Tuntuben harshe na faruwa ne a yayin da kake son fadin wani abu amma sai ka fadi wani abu daban wanda ma zai iya zama matsala. [14]

#: It’s the greatest fear of any public speaker. [15] <> Tuntuben harshe ya kasance wani abun da duk wani wanda zai yi jawabi a taron jama'a yake shakka. [16]

#: But what really causes these errors? [17] <> To ke mene ne yake haddasa wannan subul-da-baka? [18]

#: And do they have any hidden meaning? [19] <> . Kuma ko suna da wata ma'ana ta musamman? [20]

#: For Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, [21] <> . Sigmund Freud wanda ya kirkiro fannin nazari kan alakar zance da kwalkwalwa, [22]

#: it wasn’t enough to simply ask his patients what they thought. [23] <> . ba ya gamsuwa idan ya tambayi mutanen da suka zo wurinsa domin su tuntube shi kan subutar baki. [24]

#: Their true desires, he believed, could only be examined by paying attention to ‘slips of the tongue’ and other clues from the unconscious. [25] <> . Za a iya gano matsalar ne kawai idan aka duba abun da ke faruwa idan mai magana ya zama bai mayar da hankali ba a lokacin da yake magana. [26]

#: Otherwise known as parapraxis, these verbal stumblings [27] <> . Tuntuben harshe dai [28]

#: could reveal forbidden urges – such as sex [29] <> . ka iya sanya mai magana ya bayyana wasu abubuwa da ya boye a cikin zuciyarsa kamar sha'awar jima'i. [30]

#: Freud may be as famous as Darwin [31] <> . Freud kamar Darwin wanda shi ma wani manazarcin ne, [32]

#: There’s just one problem: Freudian slips, as with many of his other ideas, are extremely difficult to test. [33] <> . ya ce gano dalilin da ya sa mai magana yake yin tuntuben baki ba abu ne mai sauki ba. [34]

#: but many modern-day psychologists, linguists [35] <> . Amma kuma masu nazarin kan yare [36]

#: and neuroscientists [37] <> . da wadanda suka kware a fannin kimiyyar kwalkwalwa [38]

#: think that he was wrong about almost everything. [39] <> . sun ce Freud ya yi kuskure ta ko wane fanni. [40]

#: But was he wrong about this? [41] <> . To amma abin tambaya a nan shi ne shin abin da Freud din ya yi ba dai-dai ba ne? [42]

#: One ingenious early study used sex and electric shocks to find out. [43] <> . Wani nazari mai cike da fasaha, da aka yi a baya, a inda aka yi amfani da jima'i tare da jan wutar lantarki. [44]

#: At the start of the experiment, [45] <> . A lokacin da aka fara gwajin, [46]

#: two of three groups of heterosexual males were greeted by a middle-aged professor, while the third was ushered into a room with a provocatively dressed lab assistant. [47] <> . an yi amfani da wata farfesa wadda shekarunta suka dan ja, a inda ta je ta gashe da biyu ko uku daga cikin gungun maza masu son saduwa da mata. [48]

#: N/A [49] <> . Gungun mazan na uku kuma an shiga da shi cikin wani daki wanda a ciki akwai wata mace wanda ta ci kwalliyar da dole ta ja hankalin maza. [50]

#: “We sort of went to the limits of what one might expect on campus. [51] <> . "Abin da ke faruwa a jami'a ne ya faru. [52]

#: She was attractive and [53] <> . Ta dauki hankalin mazan, [54]

#: wearing a very short skirt and sort of a translucent blouse,” [55] <> . a inda take sanye da guntun dan tofi da bulawus mai shara-shara." [56]

#: says Michael Motley, a psychologist from the University of California Davis who co-authored the study. [57] <> . In ji Michael Motley wani mai nazri kan halayyar dan adam a jami'ar California. [58]

#: Participants were asked to read a list of word pairs (‘back mud’, ‘bat much’, ‘mad bug’) [59] <> . An umarci mutanen da su karanta jerin wasu kalmomi da aka rubuta mu su a takarda, [60]

#: silently, [61] <> . a asirce, [62]

#: at a rate of one per second. [63] <> . kuma da sauri da sauri. [64]

#: What they didn’t know was that [65] <> . Abin da ba su sani ba shi ne [66]

#: the word pairs had been designed to induce ‘spoonerisms’, [67] <> . an yi mu su hakan ne da manufar sanya su su yi tuntuben baki a wajen furta kalmomin. [68]

#: the men in the presence of the lab assistant made significantly more sex-based slip-ups (‘fast passion’ instead of ‘past fashion’ and ‘happy sex’ instead of ‘sappy hex’) than the control group, but no more slips overall. [69] <> . Mazan da suke tare da matar da ta yi ado irin na jan hankali sun yi ta yin tuntuben harshe mai alaka da sha'awar jima'i. [70]

#: Meanwhile the third group [71] <> . Su kuwa ajin mutanen na uku [72]

#: had their fingers hooked up to electrodes, plugged into a machine capable of delivering mild electric shocks. [73] <> . an sanya yatsunsu a cikin wani inji wanda yake da karfin jan mutane kamar wutar lantarki. [74]

#: Again, the students let slip what was really on their mind. [75] <> . Mutanen kuma sun ta samun tuntuben baki mai alaka da abin da ake yi mu su wato jan wuta. [76]

#: N/A [77] <> . A karshe masu binciken sun gwada irin kaifin sha'awar jima'in da kowanne daya daga cikin mutanen ya ke da ita. [78]

#: Later the experimenters measured the participants’ sexual anxiety and discovered, counter-intuitively, that those with the most carnal angst made the most sexual missteps. Why? [79] <> . Kuma sai aka gano cewa masu tsananin sha'awa sun fi yin tuntuben harshe mai alaka da son yin jima'i. [80]

#: In attempting to suppress their urges, the men may have fallen victim to the ‘white bear problem’, first noticed by Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky. [81] <> . Fyodor Dostoyevsky wani manazarci dan kasar Russia ya fahimci cewa Kokarin dakile abin da mutanen suke rayawa kamar sha'awa, ya sa suke fadawa tarkon yawan tunanin son yin jima'i. [82]

#: Back in the 1980s, psychologist Daniel Wegner [83] <> . A shekarar 1980, masanin tunanin dan adam, Daniel Wegner [84]

#: suggested that the very system which aims to prevent Freudian slips [85] <> . ya ba da shawarar cewa matakin da ake dauka wajen gujewa subul-da-baka, [86]

#: may be to blame. [87] <> . shi ne yake haddasa yawan yin tsartsen baka. [88]

#: According to his theory, [89] <> . Bisa ga nazarin da Daniel ya yi, [90]

#: subconscious processes are continuously scouring our thoughts to keep our innermost desires locked away. [91] <> . idan mutum yana cikin halin dimuwa, ya kan zama ba ya iya yin tunanin da ya dace. [92]

#: When such a thought occurs, instead of remaining quiet – ironically – [93] <> . Kuma maimakon mutum ya yi shiru, a lokacin wannan yanayi, [94]

#: the thought may be announced to the conscious brain, causing you to think it. [95] <> . sai ya fara tunanin abin da zai fada. [96]

#: Then it’s only a matter of time before the truth slips out. [97] <> . Hakan na janyo afkuwar tuntuben harshe. [98]

#: “When we’re thinking about something [99] <> . "Idan mutum yana tunanin wani abu, [100]

#: we’re priming the relevant words, they’re being prepared to be spoken in case we need them,” says Motley. [101] <> . to zai kasance yana zabar kalmomin da yake son yin amfani da su wajen magana." in ji Motley. [102]

#: But not everyone is convinced. [103] <> . Sai dai kuma ba ko wa ne ya amince da sakamakon binciken na Freud ba. [104]

#: At the time, Freud’s harshest critic was Austrian linguist Rudolf Meringer. [105] <> . Mutumin da yake matukar sukar ayyukan Freud wato Rudolf Meringer, [106]

#: While working at the University of Vienna in the late 19th Century, [107] <> . wanda ya yi aiki a jami'ar Vienna, karni na 19, [108]

#: Meringer collected, catalogued and scrutinised thousands of verbal mistakes, [109] <> . ya yi nazari a kan dubban tuntuben harshen da jama'a suka yi [110]

#: mostly from lunchtime conversations with colleagues. [111] <> . wadanda kuma ya samu daga wurin abokan aikinsa, a lokacin cin abincin rana. [112]

#: The group would take turns speaking and when an error occurred, they would cease all conversation until it had been meticulously recorded. [113] <> . An tattara bayan nan ne dai ta hanyar nadar kura-kuran magana da mutanen suka yi. [114]

#: From this record, Meringer concluded [115] <> . Wannan nazari ne ya sanya Meringer ya yanke cewa [116]

#: that slips of the tongue are intrusions of letters, not meaning. [117] <> . tuntuben harshe wani yanayi ne da kalmomi suke yi wa mai magana kutse, ba ma'anar kalmomin ba. [118]

#: In fact, according to Rob Hartsuiker, [119] <> . Shi kuwa Rob Hartsuiker, [120]

#: a psycholinguist from Ghent University, [121] <> . wani masanin fannin ilimin alakar da ke tsakanin kwakwalwa da magana a jami'ar Ghent, [122]

#: the majority of errors are entirely innocent. [123] <> . ya ce mafi yawancin kura-kuran da mutane ke yi ba da saninsu ba ne. [124]

#: n/a [125] <> . Rob ya ce hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon neman kalmar da za a yi amfani da ita. [126]

#: Despite these verbal traps, the average person slips up on fewer than 22 words per day out of around 15,000. [127] <> . Nazari ya nuna cewa mafi yawancin mutane su na gamuwa da tuntuben harshe, sau akalla 22, a kowace rana. [128]

#: Brain scans have shown that we routinely make embarrassing blunders [129] <> . An gano cewa mutane suna yin kuskure da ke kunya ta su, [130]

#: while rehearsing our sentences in ‘inner speech’, but the majority are caught before we say them out loud. [131] <> . a kokarin yin bitar jimlolin da mai magana yake yi a zuci kafin ya furta a baka. [132]

#: We’re probably more vulnerable to slips (You’re also more likely to trip up if you’re talking too quickly.) [133] <> . Mutane sun fi yin karo da irin wannan matsalar ta subul-da-baka [134]

#: when we’re distracted or our unconscious spellchecker isn’t working properly – if we’re nervous, tired, [135] <> . idan mai magana yana cikin yanayin tsoro ko firgici ko idan ya gaji [136]

#: or intoxicated [137] <> . ko idan yana cikin maye [138]

#: and as we get older. [139] <> . ko kuma idan mutum ya tsufa. [140]

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