bbchausa verticals/001 smart chickens: Difference between revisions

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-== #: ''[[chickens|Chickens]] [[are]] [[remarkably]] [[intelligent]] [[and]] [[may]] [[even]] [[be]] [[empathic]] [http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170110-despite-what-you-might-think-chickens-are-not-stupid] <> [[yana]] [[da]] [[matukar]] [[damuwa]] [[game da]] [[walwalar]] [['yan uwa]]nsa [http://www.bbc.com/hausa/mujalla-38932550]'' ==
+== #: ''[[chickens|Chickens]] [[are]] [[remarkably]] [[intelligent]] [[and]] [[may]] [[even]] [[be]] [[empathic]] [http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170110-despite-what-you-might-think-chickens-are-not-stupid] <> [[yana]] [[da]] [[matukar]] [[damuwa]] [[game da]] [[walwala]]r [['yan uwa]]nsa [http://www.bbc.com/hausa/mujalla-38932550]'' ==
+== #: ''[[The]] [[world]][['s]] [[most]] [[common]] [[bird]] [[is]] [[actually]] [[intelligent]] [http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170110-despite-what-you-might-think-chickens-are-not-stupid] <> [[tsuntsu|Tsuntsun]] [[da]] [[ya]] [[fi]] [[kowane]] [[shahara]] [[a]] [[duniya]] [[na]] [[da]] [[wayau]],  [http://www.bbc.com/hausa/mujalla-38932550]'' ==
-== #: ''[[The]] [[world]]'[[s]] [[most]] [[common]] [[bird]] [[is]] [[actually]] [[intelligent]] [http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170110-despite-what-you-might-think-chickens-are-not-stupid] <> [[Tsuntsun]] [[da]] [[ya]] [[fi]] [[kowane]] [[shahara]] [[a]] [[duniya]] [[na]] [[da]] [[wayau]],  [http://www.bbc.com/hausa/mujalla-38932550]'' ==
 == #: ''[[and]] [[perhaps]] [[even]] [[sensitive]] [[to]] [[the]] [[welfare]] [[of]] [[its]] [[peers]] – [http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170110-despite-what-you-might-think-chickens-are-not-stupid] <> [[har]] [[ma]] [[ta]] [[yiwu]] [[yana]] [[da]] [[matukar]] [[damuwa]] [[game]] [[da]] [[walwalar]] [['yan uwansa]] -  [http://www.bbc.com/hausa/mujalla-38932550]'' ==
-== #: ''[[which]] [[might]] [[raise]] [[some]] [[uncomfortable]] [[ethical]] [[questions]] [[for]] [[the]] [[farming]] [[industry]] [http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170110-despite-what-you-might-think-chickens-are-not-stupid] <> [[al]]'[[amarin]] [[da]] [[kan]] [[bijiro]] [[da]] [[tambayoyi]] [[masu]] [[tayar]] [[da]] [[zaune]] [[tsaye]] [[a]] [[harkar]] [[noma]]. [http://www.bbc.com/hausa/mujalla-38932550]'' ==
+== #: ''[[which]] [[might]] [[raise]] [[some]] [[uncomfortable]] [[ethical]] [[questions]] [[for]] [[the]] [[farming]] [[industry]] [http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170110-despite-what-you-might-think-chickens-are-not-stupid] <> [[al'amari]]n [[da]] [[kan]] [[bijiro]] [[da]] [[tambayoyi]] [[masu]] [[tayar da]] [[zaune]] [[tsaye]] [[a]] [[harka]]r [[noma]]. [http://www.bbc.com/hausa/mujalla-38932550]'' ==
 == #: ''[[There]] [[is]] [[something]] [[odd]] [[about]] [[chickens]]. [http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170110-despite-what-you-might-think-chickens-are-not-stupid] <> [[Akwai]] [[wani]] [[abu]] [[mai]] [[rikitarwa]] [[game]] [[da]] [[kaji]]. [http://www.bbc.com/hausa/mujalla-38932550]'' ==
 == #: ''[[Globally]] [[they]] [[number]] [[more]] [[than]] [[19]] [[billion]], [http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170110-despite-what-you-might-think-chickens-are-not-stupid] <> [[A]] [[fadin]] [[duniya]] [[yawansu]] [[ya]] [[kai]] [[biliyan]] [[19]], [http://www.bbc.com/hausa/mujalla-38932550]'' ==

Latest revision as of 13:37, 21 June 2017

#: Chickens are remarkably intelligent and may even be empathic [1] <> yana da matukar damuwa game da walwalar 'yan uwansa [2]

#: The world's most common bird is actually intelligent [3] <> Tsuntsun da ya fi kowane shahara a duniya na da wayau, [4]

#: and perhaps even sensitive to the welfare of its peers – [5] <> har ma ta yiwu yana da matukar damuwa game da walwalar 'yan uwansa - [6]

#: which might raise some uncomfortable ethical questions for the farming industry [7] <> al'amarin da kan bijiro da tambayoyi masu tayar da zaune tsaye a harkar noma. [8]

#: There is something odd about chickens. [9] <> Akwai wani abu mai rikitarwa game da kaji. [10]

#: Globally they number more than 19 billion, [11] <> A fadin duniya yawansu ya kai biliyan 19, [12]

#: making them one of the most abundant vertebrate species on the planet. [13] <> al'amarin da ya mayar da su daya daga cikin nau'ukan halittu masu kasusuwa a fadin duniya. [14]

#: Yet many people have little or no contact with the birds – at least, not while they are alive. [15] <> Sai dai mutane da dama ba su cika hulda da tsuntsayen ba, musamman a lokacin da suke raye. [16]

#: That has led to some strange assumptions about chickens. [17] <> Wannan lamari ya haifar da ce-ce ku-ce mara kan gado game da kaji. [18]

#: According to some studies, [19] <> Kamar yadda yake kunshe a wasu nau'ukan bincike, [20]

#: people can struggle even to see them as typical birds. [21] <> mutane na fafutikar daukarsu ne tamkar kowane irin tsuntsu. [22]

#: They are, in fact, reasonably representative of the galliformes, [23] <> A gaskiya ma su wakilai ne na tsuntsayen gida masu nauyin jiki (ba kasafai suke yin nisa ba), [24]

#: a bird group that also includes turkeys, partridges and pheasants. [25] <> wadanda suka hada da talo-talo da kurciya da dawisun Asiya. [26]

#: It is also common [27] <> Wannan kuma sanannen abu ne [28]

#: for people to view chickens as unintelligent animals [29] <> a wajen mutane da suke ganin kaji ba su da basira [30]

#: that lack the complex psychological characteristics of ʺhigherʺ animals like monkeys and apes. [31] <> ba su ma da wasu ʺcukurdaddun al'amura na dabi'uʺ manya da ke bukatar zurfin tunani kamar na sauran dabbobi irin su birai da gwaggon biri. [32]

#: This is a view reinforced by some depictions of chickens in popular culture, [33] <> Wannan ita ce fahimtar da wasu suka tabbatar da ita wajen kwatanta kaji a sananniyar al'ada, [34]

#: and one that might help people feel better about eating eggs or chicken meat produced by intensive farming practices. [35] <> al'amarin da ke bai wa mutane kwanciyar hankali wajen cin kwayaye ko naman kaza da aka samar ta hanyar kiwatawa. [36]

#: But chickens are, in fact, anything but dumb. [37] <> Amma kaji wasu ire-ire ne daban, sabanin yadda ake dauka suna yin dukum. [38]

#: They can count, [39] <> Sukan iya kididddige ala'amura, [40]

#: show some level of self-awareness, [41] <> su nuna sanin abin da suke ciki, [42]

#: and even manipulate one another by Machiavellian means. [43] <> har ma su yi tasirin juya akalar junansu wajen tallafar juna kwatancin salon mulkin 'Machiavelli' (wani littafi da ya shahara a wajen masu nazarin salon mulkin al'umma). [44]

#: In fact, [45] <> A gaskiya ma, [46]

#: chickens are so smart [47] <> kaji na da matukar wayau, [48]

#: that even a limited amount of exposure to the living birds [49] <> ta yadda takaitacciyar hulda da wadannan tsuntsaye [50]

#: can crush longstanding preconceptions. [51] <> na iya kawar da gurguwar fahimtar da aka dade da yi musu. [52]

#: I never thought that chickens would be intelligent enough and learn quite so quickly [53] <> Ban taba tunanin cewa kaji na da cikakken wayau ba tare da saurin fahimta sai daga bisani. [54]

#: For a study published in 2015, [55] <> A wani bincike da aka wallafa a shekarar 2015, [56]

#: Lisel O'Dwyer and Susan Hazel ran a class for undergraduates at the University of Adelaide, Australia. [57] <> Lisel O'Dwyer da Susan Hazel sun gabatar da darussa ga dalibai masu neman digirin farko a Jami'ar Adelaide ta Austiraliya. [58]

#: As a way to learn about psychology and cognition, the students performed experiments that involved training chickens. [59] <> A matsayin hanyar fahimtar fannin alkiblar tunanin da cikakkiyar fahimta, an sanya dalibai gwaje-gwajen da suka hada da bai wa kaji horo. [60]

#: the students performed experiments that involved training chickens. [61] <> an sanya dalibai gwaje-gwajen da suka hada da bai wa kaji horo. [62]

#: Before the class began, [63] <> Kafin a fara karatu a ajin, [64]

#: the students completed a questionnaire. [65] <> daliban sun cika wasu takardun neman bayanai. [66]

#: Most said they had previously spent little time with chickens. [67] <> Mafi yawansu sun ce ba su cika zama tare da kaji ba. [68]

#: They viewed them as simple creatures, unlikely to feel boredom, frustration or happiness. [69] <> Suna yi musu kallon halittu masu saukin lamari, kuma babu yadda za a yi su nuna gajiya da takaici ko farin ciki. [70]

#: After just two hours training the birds, [71] <> Bayan shafe sa'o'i biyu ana horar da kajin, [72]

#: the students were far more likely to appreciate that chickens can feel all three of these emotional states. [73] <> daliban sun samu cikakkiyar gamsuwa cewa kaji na damfare da jin wadannan al'amura uku a zuciyarsu (gajiya da takaici da farin ciki). [74]

#: "Chickens are a lot smarter than I originally thought," [75] <> "Kaji na da matukar wayau fiye da yadda ake kallon su a da," [76]

#: commented one student on a follow-up questionnaire. [77] <> kamar yadda wani dalibi ya yi sharhi a takardun bayanan da suka biyo baya. [78]

#: Another said: "I never thought that chickens would be intelligent enough and learn quite so quickly." [79] <> Wani kuwa cewa ya yi: "Ban taba tunanin cewa kaji na da cikakken wayau ba tare da saurin fahimta sai daga bisani." [80]

#: In as-yet-unpublished research, [81] <> Kamar yadda yake kunshe a wani bincicke da ba a wallafa ba, [82]

#: O'Dwyer has replicated this study with workers in the poultry industry, and found the same results. [83] <> ODwyer ya sake maimaita kwatankwacin irin wannan binciken tare da ma'aikata a gonar kiwon kaji, ya kuma samu sakamako iri guda. [84]

#: "Basically we had two quite different social groups and found the same [[[initial]]] attitudes and the same attitude change in both," she says. [85] <> "Tabbas mun samu rukuni biyu mabambanta, mun same su da al'adu iri daya, da kuma sauyin dabi'a iri guda," inji ta. [86]

#: The researchers have shown that chickens can count and perform basic arithmetic [87] <> Masu bincike sun yi nuni da cewa kaji na iya yin kirga, su kuma yi ayyukan lissafi da suka hada da Tarawa da debewa da sau darbawa [88]

#: She now plans to study whether these experiences have any impact on people's eating habits – [89] <> Yanzu ta shirya gudanar da bincike kan tasirin cin abin cin kaji da mutane ke yi, [90]

#: for instance, whether they shift to eating chicken reared in ways that they believe to be more ethically acceptable. [91] <> alal misali, ko mutane sun fi cin kajin da suka kiwata da jin cewa sun fi karbuwa da kwanciyar hankali. [92]

#: O'Dwyer's study is just one of many picked out by Lori Marino of the Kimmela Center for Animal Advocacy [93] <> Nazarin O'Dwyer daya ne kawai daga jerin wadanda Lori Marino ya dauko daga cibiyar kula da dabobi ta Kimmela da Kanab, [94]

#: in Kanab, Utah, as part of a scientific review of chicken cognition published in January 2017. [95] <> a Utah, don sake bibiyar basirar kaji da aka wallafa a shekarar 2017. [96]

#: "The paper is part of a joint venture between Farm Sanctuary and The Kimmela Center, called The Someone Project," says Marino. [97] <> "Wannan makala aikin hadin gwiwa ne tsakanin gonar Santuary da Cibiyar Kimmela, wanda aka yi wa lakabin "Aikin wani," a cewar Marino. [98]

#: "The aim of the Project is to educate the public about who farmed animals are from the scientific data." [99] <> Manufar aikin ita ce fadakar da al'umma game da kajin da ake kiwonsu gwargwadon bayanan binciken kimiyya da aka tattara. [100]

#: Marino says the scientific evidence shows clearly that chickens are not as unaware and unintelligent as many people assume. [101] <> Marino ya ce binciken kimiyya ya bayyana karara cewa kaji na da wayau da dabara fiye da yadda mutane da dama ke tsammani. [102]

#: Take, for instance, a suite of papers published over the last decade by Rosa Rugani at the University of Padova, Italy, and her colleagues. [103] <> Alal misali akwai makalun da aka wallafa shekaru 10 da suka gabata na Rosa Rugan ta Jami'ar Padova da ke Italiya, tare da abokamn aikinta. [104]

#: Working with newly-hatched chicks, the researchers have shown that chickens can count and perform basic arithmetic. [105] <> Wajen bin kadin rayuwar 'yan tsakin da aka kyankyashe, masu binciken sun yi nuni da cewa kaji na iya yin kirge, su kuma gudanar da ayyukan lissafi [106]

#: Chickens may also have some ability to perform "mental time travel" [107] <> Ta yiwu kaji na iya aiwatar da aikace-aikacen da suka hada da "zurfafa tunani." [108]

#: The chicks were raised from hatching with five objects [109] <> An samar da 'yan tsakin ne ta hanyar kyankyasa da abubuwa biyar [110]

#: the plastic containers from Kinder Surprise eggs. [111] <> mazuban roba daga na'urar kyankyasar kwayaye. [112]

#: After a few days, the scientists took the five objects [113] <> Bayan kwanaki kadan, sai masana kimiyya suka dauko wadannan abubuwa biyar, [114]

#: and, in full view of the chicks, hid three behind one screen and two behind a second screen. [115] <> inda suka yi nazarin 'yan tsakin, suka boye uku a bayan mahanga ta farko, suka saka na biyu a wata mahangar. [116]

#: The chicks were more likely to approach the screen hiding more of the objects. [117] <> Akwai yiwuwar wadan an tsaki su tunkari mahangar karara fiye da sauran abubuwan. [118]

#: A follow-up experiment tested the chicks' memory and ability to add and subtract. [119] <> Sake bibiyar gwajin kaifin tunanmi da iya Tarawa da debewar 'yan tsaki. [120]

#: After the objects had been hidden behind the two screens, [121] <> Bayan da aka boye kaya a bayan shinge, [122]

#: the scientists began transferring objects between the two screens, in view of the chicks. [123] <> masana kimiyya sun fara mayar da kayan tsakanin mahangai biyu, injin da 'yan tsaki za su iya gani. [124]

#: Chickens have a strong grasp of numerical tasks from a young age, even if they have limited experience, says Rugani. [125] <> Kaji na da basirar fahimtar kidayar lissafi tun sa'adda suka dan tasa, kodayake takaitacciya ce, a cewar Rugani. [126]

#: She thinks that might be true of higher animals in general, rather than chickens in particular. [127] <> Tana jin cewa, ta yiwu a ce kaifin tunaninta ya fi na sauran dabbobi daukacinsu, maimaikon a ce kaji kawai. [128]

#: "These abilities would help animals in their natural environment, [129] <> "Irin wannan basirar tana taimaka wa dabbbobi a muhallinsu, [130]

#: for example to reach a larger amount of food, or to find a larger group for social companionship," she says. [131] <> misali kan yadda za su kai ga samun dimbin abinci, ko gungun 'yan uwansu da za su yi huldar zamantakewa tare, " inji ta. [132]

#: If a male chicken foraging for food finds a particularly tasty morsel, he will often try to impress nearby females by performing a dance [133] <> Idan zakara ya samu abinci mai dadin dandano, ya yi ta kokarin burge kaji ta hanyar taka rawa. [134]

#: Chickens may also have some ability to perform "mental time travel" [135] <> Kaji na da kokarin "zurfafa tunani" [136]

#: that is, to imagine what will happen in the future – [137] <> wato, su yi kintacen abin da zai auku nan gaba [138]

#: to secure a larger amount of food, [139] <> ta yadda za su samu tara dimbin abinci, [140]

#: according to a 2005 study led by Siobhan Abeyesinghe, [141] <> kamar yadda bayanin ke kunshe a wani nazari da aka gudanar a shekarar 2005 karkarshin jagorancin Siobhan Abeyesinghe, [142]

#: then at the University of Bristol, UK. [143] <> wanda a lokacin yake tare da Jami'ar Bristol ta Birtaniya. [144]

#: Abeyesinghe gave chickens the option of pecking one key, [145] <> Abeyesinghe ya bai wa kaji zabin tsattsaga kwaya guda, [146]

#: which would give brief access to food after a two-second delay, [147] <> wanda zai ba su damar samun abinci bayan an samu tsaiko sau biyu, [148]

#: or pecking a second key that gave prolonged access to food after a six-second delay. [149] <> ko tsattsaga kwaya ta biyu, wanda zai samar musu da abinci na dogon lokaci bayan an samu tsaiko sau shida. [150]

#: The birds were significantly more likely to peck at the second key, [151] <> Akwai tabbacin cewa wadannan tsuntsaye za su kara tsattsaga a karo na biyu, [152]

#: which offered a greater food reward but after a longer delay time. [153] <> al'amarin da zai basu dammar samun abinci a lokacin da aka samu tsaiko na tsawon lokaci. [154]

#: In other words, they showed self-control – a trait that some biologists think hints at a degree of self-awareness. [155] <> A wata fahimtar, a iya cewa sun iya shawo kan matsala - wata dabi'a da masana kimiyyar halittu ke ganin haske ne da ke nuni da fahimtar halin da suke ciki. [156]

#: Chickens are also socially complex. [157] <> Kuma kaji na da rudarwa a halin zamantakewa. [158]

#: The world 's most common bird is actually intelligent [3] <> Tsuntsun da ya fi kowane shahara a duniya na da wayau, [4]